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History of Western civilization

History of Western civilization. Antiquity (before AD 500). The division of Europe into a Western (Latin) and an Eastern (Greek) part the final separating Roman and Eastern Christianity occurred only in the 11th century. invasion by barbarian tribes ( Visigoths , Ostrogoths ).

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History of Western civilization

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  1. History of Western civilization

  2. Antiquity (before AD 500) • The division of Europe into a Western (Latin) and an Eastern (Greek) part • the final separating Roman and Eastern Christianity occurred only in the 11th century. • invasion by barbariantribes (Visigoths, Ostrogoths)

  3. TheEarlyMiddleAges (AD 500-1000) • the dominant faith in Western Europe: Christianity. • By theearlyeighthcentury, IberiaandSicily had fallentotheMuslims. • the "West" becamesynonymouswithChristendom, theterritoryruled by Christianpowers; GermanyconvertedtoChristianity; VikingsbecameChristians, MagyarsconvertedtoChristianity, PolesadoptedChristianity

  4. The High Middle Ages (1000-1300) • By theyear1000feudalism had becomethe dominant social, economicandpoliticalsystem in the West. • theGreatSchism (CatholicChurch, OrthodoxChurch) • TheChurchwasthemostpowerfulinstitution in MedievalEurope. • thefoundationforconstitutionalmonarchy (England, Magna Carta, Parliament) • In 1095, Pope Urban IIcalledfor a CrusadetoconquertheHoly LandfromMuslimrule.

  5. TheLateMiddleAgesandEarlyRenaissance (1300-1500) • HundredYears' WarbetweenEnglandandFrance (1337-1453) • AnothereventtodevastateEurope in theLaterMiddleAgeswastheBlackPlague, whicharrived in the14th century (a third of Europe'spopulationdied). • thegrowth of townsandcities in the West andimprovedtheeconomy of Europe. • Renaissancebegan in Italy (a newage of scientificandintellectualinquiry). theRenaissance spread northwardstothe rest of the West

  6. Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg developed a printing press, which allowed works of literature to spread more quickly. • reconquering the Iberia peninsula from its Muslim rulers. • In 1492, a Spanish expedition of Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas during an attempt to find a western route to East Asia.

  7. TheRenaissanceandReformation (1500-1650) • NicolausCopernicus, Galileo, Isaac Newton • Theseeventsledtotheso-calledscientificrevolution, whichemphasizedexperimentation. • Theothermajormovement in the West in thesixteenthcenturywastheReformation, whichwouldprofoundlychangethe West andenditsreligiousunity (1517). Protestants, CalvinistChurch, AnglicanChurch • theThirtyYears' WarbetweenProtestantsandCatholics (1618-1648).

  8. Therise of Western empires (1500-1800) • By 1500, Europe had caughtuptothe rest of theworldtechnologicallyandwasbeginningtosurpass it. • Western explorers: Vasco da Gama, ChristopherColumbus, James Cook, andFerdinandMagellan • powerstoarrive in theAmericasweretheSpain, Portugal, Swedes, Dutch, English, andFrench. • The West beganpurchasingslaves in largenumbersandsendingthemtotheAmericas.

  9. Westernersbeganestablishingcolonies in Africa. • Westernersalsoexpanded in Asia. • ThePacificOceanwasalsoexplored by Europeans (Australia, New Zealand, Hawaiian). • Europe'speriod of expansion in early modern timesgreatlychangedtheworld. The West becamemoresophisticatedeconomically, adoptingMercantilism, in whichcompanieswerestate-ownedandcoloniesexistedforthegood of themothercountry.

  10. ThePortugueseEmpire (1415-1999)

  11. Iberian Union (1580-1640)

  12. AbsolutismandEnlightenment (1500-1800) • The West in theearly modern erawentthroughgreatchanges as thetraditionalbalancebetweenmonarchy, nobilityandclergyshifted. • An intellectualmovementcalledtheEnlightenmentbegan in thisperiod as well. Itsproponentsopposedtheabsoluterule of themonarchs of theirday, andinsteademphasizedtheequality of allindividuals. (Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Smith…)

  13. An age of revolution (1770-1815) • Thelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies in the West weredominated by a series of revolutionsthatwouldchangethe West forever, resulting in newideologiesandchanges in society. • Thefirst of theserevolutionsbegan in North America (1776). • Theothermajor Western revolution at theturn of thenineteenthcenturywastheFrenchRevolution (1789).

  14. Therise of theEnglish-speakingworld (1815-1870) • English as the dominant language, andEnglishandAnglo-Americanculture as the dominant culture of twocontinentsandmanyotherlandsoutsidetheBritishIsles. • thegreatestchange in the West wastheIndustrialRevolution. • New ideologicalmovementsbegan as a result of theIndustrialRevolution. • Capitalistsemerged as a newpowerfulgroup, witheducatedprofessionalslikedoctorsandlawyersunderthem, andthevariousindustrialworkers at thebottom.

  15. IndustrialtechnologywasimportedfromBritain. Thefirstlandsaffected by thiswereFrance, theLowCountries, and western Germany. EventuallytheIndustrialRevolution spread tootherparts of Europe. • New ideologiesemerged as a reactionagainstperceivedabuses of industrialsociety. Amongtheseideologiesweresocialismandthemoreradicalcommunism, created by theGermanKarl Marx.

  16. Therewerechangesthroughoutthe West in scienceandculturebetween 1815 and 1870. Pasteur, Darwin, Romanticwriters, artistsandmusicians.. • Europe in 1870 differedgreatlyfromitsstate in 1815. Most Western Europeannations had somedegree of democracy, andtwonewnationalstates had beencreated, ItalyandGermany.

  17. TheGreatPowersandtheFirstWorldWar (1870-1918) • By thelate 19th century, theworldwasdominated by a fewgreatpowers, includingBritain, the United States, andGermany. France, Russia, Austria-Hungary, andItalywerealsogreatpowers. • Western inventorsandindustrialiststransformedthe West in thelate 19th andearly 20th centuries. (Thomas Edison, Wright brothers, automobiles, Petroleum, GuglielmoMarconi, AlexanderGrahamBell..)

  18. TheSecondWorldWaranditsAftermath (1939-1950)

  19. TheFall of the Western Empires (1945-1970) • Following World War II, the great colonial empires established by the Western powers beginning in early modern times began to collapse. • the rise of independence movements

  20. The Cold War (1945-1991)

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