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SYPNOSIS ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF GUATEMALAN WOMEN

IOM International Organization for Migration OIM Organización Internacional para las Migraciones. SYPNOSIS ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF GUATEMALAN WOMEN. San Salvador, July 2007. 1,600,000. 1,400,000. 1,200,000. 1,000,000. 800,000. 600,000. 400,000. 200,000. -. 1990. 1991. 1992.

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SYPNOSIS ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF GUATEMALAN WOMEN

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  1. IOM International Organization for Migration OIM Organización Internacional para las Migraciones SYPNOSIS ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF GUATEMALAN WOMEN San Salvador, July 2007

  2. 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 - 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 Before 1960 GUATEMALADEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL EMIGRATION Total Estimate of Guatemalan Emigrants up to Year 2006: 1,413,486 Source: IOM

  3. 1200000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1000000 800000 899,813 894,600 937,929 1,016,815 982,473 600000 400000 337,349 374,071 365,400 382,073 200000 396,671 0 MEN WOMEN GUATEMALA DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL EMIGRATION BY GENDER PERIOD 2002-2006 YEAR 2006 Men = 71.9% Women = 28.1%

  4. PET HUE AV QUI IZ BV SM ZAC TOT EP QUET SOL CHIQ CHIM GUA JAL SAC SUCH RET JUT SR ESC Poverty Total of Total levels (%) Women Depts. Up to 50 141,210 (43%) 5 51 - 70 101,303 (30%) 9 71 and more 88,130 (27%) 8 TOTAL 330,643 22 INTERNATIONAL EMIGRANT WOMEN WHO SEND REMITTANCES BY DEPARTMENTS OF ORIGIN IN GUATEMALA

  5. WHERE DO GUATEMALAN WOMEN WHO SEND REMITTANCES LIVE? 2,684 (0.6%) 322,644 (97.5%) 1,893 (0.6%) Other countries of the world 3,422 (1.0%) TOTAL 330,643

  6. WA ME ND MT MN VT OR 1 ID NH NY WI MA 14 SD 33 MI CT WY RI 5 PA IA NE NJ 4 2 NV 0.3 OH IL 3 IN MD 7 0.9 UT 12 0.6 CO CA District of VA WV KS 4 140 Columbia 8 MO KY 6 12 NC TN 4 0.9 OK AZ 1 AR SC NM 3 GA AL 11 MS 2 TX LA 25 FL 18 Total States Less than 10,000 women 17 10,000 - 19,999 women 5 Total 323 thousand women 20,000 - 49,999 women 2 50,000 and more women 1 TOTAL 25 WHERE DO GUATEMALAN WOMEN WHO SEND REMITTANCES LIVE IN THE UNITED STATES?

  7. granddaughter 0.8% Sister Daughter-in-law 19.9% 2.3% Mothers or Mothers-in-law 7.1% Daughter 51.6% Wife Other relatives 2.8% 15.6% INTERNATIONAL EMIGRANT WOMEN BY KINSHIP WITH HEAD OF A FAMILY YEAR 2006

  8. 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 WOMEN 40,000 30,000 68,652 94,359 14,251 58,514 38,027 20,000 8,072 28,799 5,323 4,902 2,784 948 2,470 1,332 1,347 751 10,000 0 00 - 04 10 - 14 20 - 24 30 - 34 40 - 44 50 - 54 60 - 64 Unknown AGE GROUPS INTERNATIONAL EMIGRANT WOMEN BY AGE GROUPYEAR 2006

  9. Widowed Divorced / Separated 2.5% 7.2% Single 22.8% Married Living together 51.0% 16.5% INTERNATIONAL EMIGRANT WOMEN BY CURRENT CIVIL STATUS YEAR 2006

  10. College 5,908, Unknown 1.8% 3,423, None 1.0% Diversified education 16,248, 74,435, 4.9% 22.6% Primary school High school 174,417, 54,390, 53.0% 16.5% MIGRANT WOMEN 7 YEARS OLD AND OLDER BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL BEFORE DEPARTING YEAR 2006 TOTAL MIGRANT WOMEN 7 YEARS OLD AND OLDER: 328,820

  11. 25000 Occupation before departing Current occupation 20000 21,174 15000 23,839 10000 4,411 3,604 2,459 2,342 8,015 2,120 5000 1,836 1,707 1,626 1,568 1,051 1,346 1,151 439 141 221 0 0 0 Directors Professionals Technicians Office Service Farmers Workers & Machine Unqualified 'NO PEA & mid- employees workers craftmen, operators workers level prof. and etc. and salesmen freight elevators INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT WOMEN BY OCCUPATION BEFORE DEPARTING AND CURRENT OCCUPATION ABROADYEAR 2006

  12. 200,000 180,000 160,000 HEADS OF FAMILY 140,000 120,000 199,739 (66.3%) HOMES WITH WOMEN AS 100,000 41,550 (13.8%) 34,251 (11.4%) 80,000 60,000 8,196 (2.7%) 2,060 (07.%) 6,304 (2.1%) 2,399(0.8%) 2,480 (0.8%) 2,380(0.8%) 454 (0.2%) 430 (0.1%) 221(0.1%) 515 (0.2%) 209(0.1%) 40,000 20,000 0 Others Violence Education Low salaries Polítical reasons In search of a job Lack of education Better housing Better living conditions Family problems Family reunification Lack of productivity of soils Lack of loans Conflicts MIGRATION CAUSE INTERNATIONAL EMIGRANT WOMEN BY CAUSE OF EMIGRATIONYEAR 2005

  13. Savings 48.4% Other means 20.2% Loan in USA 14.8% Bank loan 8.5% Family loan 7.0% Sold properties 12.6% INTERNATIONAL EMIGRANT WOMENBY TRIP FUNDING

  14. Other means Tourist Visa 8.6% 13.5% On their own 8.4% Through a smuggler 69.4% INTERNATIONAL EMIGRANT WOMENBYMEANS OF TRAVELLING

  15. Women 2006 Men 2006 49.8 Consumption 52.1 14.5 Average consumption 12.6 DESTINATION 22.5 Investment & savings 17.4 13.2 Social investment 17.9 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 PERCENTAGE WHICH IS THE REMITTANCES DESTINATION BY GENDER RECEPTION? YEAR 2006 (PERCENTAGES)

  16. FINAL COMMENTS • Survey results show a slight and constant growth in female international migration, in year 2002 female migration reached 27.0% and it got to 28.1% in year 2006. • 71.0% of women who migrate are in fertile years (among 20 and 40 years old). • 52.0% of female population has some degree of elementary education and only 4.5% of this population travels without any formal education. • 53.4% of women living abroad were not members of PEA in Guatemala and there is no woman in her fertile years who is not working in their country of destination.

  17. FINAL COMMENTS • Women in their country of destination are performing unqualified jobs (60.3%), as saleswomen or maids (20.3%). • Most women (69.4%) have risked their lives to reach their country of destination because they have travelled using smugglers. • Almost half of the female population (48.4%) saves money before travelling. • Only 25.0% of the female population can travel to visit their family in Guatemala.

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