1 / 31

Robots in Autism

Robots in Autism. A sampling of Approaches and Anecdotes 4 Dec 2008. Outline. Who’s who, and their robots Observed Behaviors Proto-therapies Key assumptions Trends. Who’s who. First apparent use:

rafi
Download Presentation

Robots in Autism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Robots in Autism A sampling of Approaches and Anecdotes 4 Dec 2008

  2. Outline • Who’s who, and their robots • Observed Behaviors • Proto-therapies • Key assumptions • Trends

  3. Who’s who • First apparent use: • Using LOGO to catalyse communication in an autistic child. 1976. S. Weir and R. Emmanuel,Technical report DAI Research Report No. 15, University of Edinburgh, • Common origins: • Rod Brooks’s lab at MIT,1998-99 nexus • Dautenhahn, Scassellati, Kozima

  4. Who’s who: common roots --- Rod Brooks • Kerstin Dautenhahn • U. Hertfordshire, UK • Francois Michaud • U. de Sherbrooke, Canada • Brian Scassellati • Yale, USA • Hideki Kozima • Japan • Maja Mataric • USC, USA

  5. Who’s who, and their robots:Dautenhahn • Kaspar

  6. Who’s who, and their robots:Dautenhahn, Billard • Robota

  7. Who’s who, and their robots:Dautenhahn • Non-humanoids

  8. Who’s who and their robots:Dautenhahn & Robins • Humans

  9. Who’s who and their robots:Michaud

  10. Who’s who and their robots:Kozima

  11. Who’s who and their robots:Kozima

  12. Who’s who and their robots:Kozima • “My motivation [is] to understand human communication, and the developmental process behind language, so that I can recreate that model in machines. … Autism is a disability in verbal and nonverbal communication skills. By understanding autism, we can gain knowledge of the normal cognitive processes behind communication.”

  13. Who’s who, and their robots:Mataric http://cres.usc.edu/pubdb_html/files_upload/549.pdf

  14. What behaviors are seen:AURORA • Triadic interactions

  15. What behaviors are seen:AURORA • Turn-taking (or lack thereof) • Exclusive dyadic interactions

  16. What behaviors are seen:AURORA • Imitation

  17. What behaviors are seen:AURORA • Reaching out

  18. What behaviors are seen:Kozima • “Autistic children will generally be scared of Keepon at first, but they are also very curious. After several months they will understand that Keepon will not harm them, and then we will see them start to voluntarily touch and make eye-contact with it. … almost all autistic children come to enjoy their interactions with Keepon. ... Why? I think it’s because Keepon is simple.”

  19. What behaviors are seen:Kozima (typical children) [http://mainline.brynmawr.edu/DevRob05/schedule/papers/kozima.pdf]

  20. What behaviors are seen:Kozima (1.5yr study, two 2-4 year-old children) • “Keepon's simple appearance and predictable responses gave the autistic children a playful and relaxed mood” • “[Spontaneous engagement] in dyadic play with Keepon” • “[Expansion into] interpersonal communication where Keepon worked as the pivot of triadic play with adults or other children.” http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1513802

  21. What behaviors are seen:Mataric The robot in an experimental setting. The bubble- blowing robot (left) is known to be less intimidating than a humanoid robot (right). http://cres.usc.edu/pubdb_html/files_upload/589.pdf

  22. What behaviors are seen:Mataric • A child interacting with a … robot that responds to the child’s behavior … will exhibit more social behavior than when interacting with a [robot that responds randomly] http://cres.usc.edu/pubdb_html/files_upload/589.pdf

  23. What behaviors are seen:Mataric Dark: contingent robot Light: random robot Total speech Robot speech Parent speech Total Robot Inter- action Push button Re- sponse to robot Di- rected Inter- action http://cres.usc.edu/pubdb_html/files_upload/589.pdf

  24. What (proto) Therapies:AURORA • Imitation

  25. What (proto) Therapies:AURORA • Robot as mediator for social interaction

  26. What (proto) Therapies:AURORA • Shared attention

  27. What (proto) Therapies:AURORA • Mutual gaze

  28. What (proto) TherapiesDautenhahn & Francois • Play • Dyadic: child-robot -- progressively better balanced interaction • Triadic: child-robot-experimenter • Therapies: • robot-assisted play • automatic recognition of human-robot interaction styles in real time • adaptive robot responsive to different styles

  29. What (proto) therapies:Kozima • “If Keepon can become a trigger for autistic children to experience social interaction, then it might support their social development. If a robot can become a catalyst between the child’s natural growth and desire to interact, and the power of [or a tool for] people supporting the child (such as parents and therapists), that would be great.”

  30. Key assumptions • Robots are predictable • Robots are simple … “not toys nor a human” -- Kozima [http://mainline.brynmawr.edu/DevRob05/schedule/papers/kozima.pdf] • Robots engage and hold interest for children w/ ASD • Robot autonomy and adaptation is useful • Therapist-mediated activity is useful • Children w/ ASD can play w/ robots

  31. Trends • Use robots that are much simpler than humans • Support basic contingency-based autonomy OR • Wizard of Oz-based contingent behavior • Children need to acclimate • Dyadic interaction facilitates triadic interaction

More Related