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Overview

Overview. Introduction History Why electric car? Different parts Motor Controller Batteries used in electric cars Obstacles Future References. Introduction. An electric is a car powered by an electric motor. Creates less pollution than gasoline car

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Overview

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  1. Overview • Introduction • History • Why electric car? • Different parts • Motor • Controller • Batteries used in electric cars • Obstacles • Future • References

  2. Introduction • An electric is a car powered by an electric motor. • Creates less pollution than gasoline car • It consists of a motor, a controller and batteries. • An electric motor gets power from controller which is energized by battery.

  3. History • 1832 Robert Anderson invented a non-rechargeable electric carriage. • Electric car became popular between mid 19 century and earlier 20th century. • Global acceptance was hampered by a lack of power infrastructure.

  4. Why electric car? • Inadequacy of fossil fuels. • Eco-friendly. • Cost is less per mile. • It produces no pollution at the tailpipe.

  5. Different parts An electric car comprises: • Electric motor • Controller • Batteries

  6. Motor • We can use both AC and DC type of motor in an electric vehicle. • Most commonly used motor is DC series & separately exited motor. It is because of : 1. Wider range of speed control. 2. DC motors have most desirable characteristic. 3. Controllers are simpler and less expensive. • We can use Induction Motor also when less maintenance is required. • Size and weight of an AC motor is low.

  7. DC Motor Controller • The controller takes power from the batteries and delivers it to the motor. • The accelerator pedal hooks to a pair of potentiometers with having variable resistor. • Signal from potentiometer gives an idea of how much power is suppose to be delivered. • Hence, controller can provide any power between zero to full power. potentiometer acc. DC motor batteries DC controller

  8. AC Motor Controller • AC motor controller have a little more complicated job, but idea is same. • Controller creates three pseudo sine waves. • Six set of transistor is required. acc potentiometer Acc. battery AC motor controller charger Higher voltage battery array

  9. Batteries used in Electric Cars • Lead-acid (mostly used) • Ni-Cd • Ni-Zn • Ni-MH • lithium-ion • Li-ion polymer, and • Lithium-iron phosphate

  10. Batteries are the major drawback in an electric car. • They are heavy and bulky. • Short life span.(typically 3-4 years) . • Limited capacity (battery of 15 kWh stands for 50 miles). • Expensive.

  11. Charging System for batteries A charging system has two objectives : • To pump electricity into the batteries as quickly as possible. • To monitor the batteries and avoid damaging them during the charging process

  12. Batteries must be periodically charged. • In home, power such as roof top photovoltaic solar cell panels can be used to charge batteries. • Some advanced power station can charge a battery within an hour. • Fast charging methods can be used. Contd….

  13. Obstacles • Lithium Ion battery costs • Range concerns • Price and consumer acceptance • Market

  14. Future • Strictly depends upon cost and availability of batteries fulfilling all the requirements. • Li-ion, Li-poly and zinc-air batteries will be used. • Fuel cell will be used. • They will be lighter, smaller and high reliable. • Super capacitors will be used.

  15. References • Brain, Marshall.  "How Electric Cars Work."  27 March 2002.  HowStuffWorks.com. <http://auto.howstuffworks.com/electric car.htm>  26 August 2009. • W.F.Hamilton, “Electric Automobile”; McGrawHill,Hightstown,NJ;September,1979 • B.Berman and G.H.Gelb, “Propulsion systems for electric cars”; IEEE Trans.,vol.VT-23,pp. 61-72;1974 • S.A.Nasar and L.E.Unnewehr, “Electric vehicle technology”; John Wiley, New York;1979 • A.J.Graumilch and C.V. Kern, “Battery power small off-highway vehicles”;SAE paper#740730;September,1974

  16. Thank you!

  17. Queries??

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