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The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

14. The Digestive System and Body Metabolism. CH 14 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. I. Overview Of The Digestive System * Function: B. Major Processes Ingestion , Digestion , Absorption, and Defecation C. Organs * Alimentary Canal define & list organs

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The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

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  1. 14 The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

  2. CH 14 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I. Overview Of The Digestive System • *Function: B. Major Processes • Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Defecation C. Organs • *Alimentary Canal define & list organs • *Accessory Digestive Organs define & list organs • Sphincters

  3. Parotid gland Mouth (oral cavity) Sublingual gland Tongue Salivary glands Submandibular gland Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Pancreas (Spleen) Liver Gallbladder Transverse colon Duodenum Descending colon Small intestine Jejunum lleum Ascending colon Large intestine Cecum Sigmoid colon Rectum Appendix Anus Anal canal Figure 14.1

  4. II. Organs of the Digestive SystemA. Alimentary Canal Organs1. *Mouth (Oral Cavity) Uvula a. *Anatomy • *Oral cavity properdefine • *Uvuladefine - Function • *Tongue define • *Teeth • Tonsils– see Respiratory System Tonsils

  5. b. Mouth Physiology • *Masticated (mastication): define • Mixing with saliva • Swallowing: • Function of Uvula, Tongue, Pharynx iii) Taste iv) Chemical Digestion: • Enzyme: Amylase + Starch Glucose + Glucose …

  6. 2. Pharynx a. Anatomy: Review– see Respiratory System Nasopharynx Hard palate Soft palate Oral cavity Uvula Lips (labia) Palatine tonsil Vestibule Lingual tonsil Oropharynx Lingual frenulum Epiglottis Tongue Laryngopharynx Hyoid bone Esophagus Trachea (a)

  7. b. Pharynx Physiology Pharynx i) *Substances that move through the Pharynx: ii)Subdivides into: Larynx and Esophagus iii)How keep food out of Lungs– • *Epiglottis of the Larynx– see Respiratory system 3. Esophagus • Anatomy: b. *Location: c.* Function: Larynx Esophagus

  8. Cardioesophageal Sphincter 4. Stomach a. Anatomy • *Location: • *Shape • *Amount of food it can hold: • *Rugae • Sphincters • Cardioesophageal • Pyloric • Smooth muscle in Walls– 3 layers • Inner layer: type of tissue = • Mucus • Microscopic- Gastric Glands • Secrete: Pyloric Sphincter Rugae Gastric Glands

  9. Fundus Body Rugae of mucosa Pyloric sphincter Pyloric antrum (b) Figure 14.4b

  10. b. Stomach Physiology/Functions • Temporary storage • Physical Breakdown: 3 layer of smooth muscle • *Intrinsic Factorfunction iv) Digestion of Proteins • Gastric Juice contains: - Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): • Pepsinogen: • Pepsin: activated form of enzyme Pepsinogen; activated by HCl Chief Cells Parietal Cells Gastric Glands Pepsinogen Pepsin HCl

  11. Pepsin … Pepsin + Proteins Amino Acids • Pepsin digests Proteins into its subunits, Amino Acids 5. Small Intestine a. Anatomy i) Gross (1) *Shape& Length: • Smooth Muscle: two layer • *Major Parts: list • Inner folds ii) Microscopic Anatomy (1) Tissue of Lining: Gross View Villi Circular Folds

  12. Microscopic view of Villi ii) Microscopic Anatomy… (2) *Villi: describe • Blood vessels • Function • *Microvilli define • Function b. Duodenum i) Location ii) Two Adjacent Accessory Organs: (1) Pancreas: (2) Liver: END

  13. ii) Microscopic Anatomy … • *Microvilli define • Function b. Special Functions of the Duodenum i) Location ii) Two Adjacent Accessory Organ: iii) Substances received • Pancreas: • Pancreatic Duct • Liver: • Bile Duct Microvilli on a cell Liver & Bile Duct Pancreas & Pancreatic Duct Duodenum

  14. END

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