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MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON LABOUR PROTECTION “

MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON LABOUR PROTECTION “ALEXANDRU DARABONT”. RISK ASSESSMENT FIRST STEP IN PREVENTION OF WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES Dr. ing. ŞTEFAN PECE INCDPM. WHAT I S RISK ASSESSMENT?.

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MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON LABOUR PROTECTION “

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  1. MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIESNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON LABOUR PROTECTION “ALEXANDRU DARABONT” RISK ASSESSMENT FIRST STEP IN PREVENTION OF WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES Dr. ing. ŞTEFAN PECE INCDPM

  2. WHAT IS RISK ASSESSMENT? • Is the activity of identifying all risk factors existing at workplaces and quantification of their dimension • Answer the question: what risks are at workplace and how big they are? • It is a systematic examination of all risks related to all aspects of work: • Productions means and materials • Work environment • Worker • Work task • Results: - what risks exist at the assessed workplace - what risks can be eliminated - What preventive or protective measures should be in place to control the risks which cannot be eliminated

  3. WHAT IS RISK • Daniel Bernoulli“RISK IS MATHEMATICAL EXPECTATION OF PROBABILITY FUNCTION OF AN EVENT " = average value of event consequences multiplied by their probability Source: „Specimen theoriae novae de mensura sortis“, 1738

  4. WHAT IS RISK? • STANDARD CEI 812/1985 • Define risk:the probability of occurrence of a lesion or damage to health with a severity and frequency of the possible consequences for the human body • STANDARD EN ISO 12100-1:2003 (fost EN 292-1) - Define parameters of risk quantification:severity and frequency of the maximal possible consequences for the human body • STANDARD EN ISO 14121-1:2007 (fost EN 1050) • Establish the principle of risk assessment:identification of all risk factors within the system under examination and the quantification of their dimension, based on the combination between severity and the probability of the maximal foreseeable consequence for the human body • Present in brief six methods rof risk assessment (HAZOP, MOSAR, AMDEC, DELPHI, WHAT IF, APR)

  5. WHAT IS RISK • Real risk – the risk transformed in accident or work related disease (from statistics) • Potential risk – the risk that might produce an accident or a work related disease(from risk assessment) • Residual risk – the risk that remain after taking all the known measures

  6. WHY IS NECESSARY RISK ASSESSMENT? WORK-RELATED MORBIDITY IN EUROPE • 205 million employees in Europe • 7 millionwork-related accidents and diseasesper year • 159,000 fatalities attributed to work-related diseases • 7,460 fatalities caused by accidents at work • Every 3.5 minutes, somebody in the Europe dies from work-related causes • Every 4.5 seconds, a worker in the Europe is involved in an accident that forces him/her to stay at home for at least three working days • (source: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work)

  7. WHY IS NECESSARY RISK ASSESSMENT? • Human cost for workers and their families (real people behind each statistic) • Business costs for organizations/companies (sick leave, insurance costs, productivity, turnover, motivation, competitiveness etc.) • Cost for society (increasing burden on healthcare systems) WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS AND DISESASES IMPLIES DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS

  8. WHY IS NECESSARY RISK ASSESSMENT? COMPANIES FINANCIAL RESOURCES ARE LIMITED • To set priorities in assigning resources for preventions and protection measures (based on risk hierarchy) • The risk assessment card and the proposed measures card resulted from risk assessment – suport for training at workplace • To compare different work systems as with regard to occupational accidents and diseases hazards, with application for giving stimulants and applying sanctions • Allow computer-aided management of risks at workplace if there are constituted databases with the assessments' results.

  9. LEGAL BASE OF RISK ASSESSMENT • ON EUROPEAN LEVEL: • The EU Framework Directive 391/1989(Art. 6, alin.2, pct.b) • Sets out basic provisions that must be followed by every employer regarding the assessment of all workplaces in the organizations • ON NATIONAL LEVEL: • LEGEA 319/2006 • Art. 6, alin.2, pct.b • Sets out basic provisions that must be followed by every employer regarding the assessment of all workplaces in the organizations • Art 12, alin.1, pct.a - Risk assessment at workplaces – first attribution for the personnel of the internal services of prevention and protection

  10. THE PRINCIPLE OF RISK ASSESSEMENT Identification of all risk factors within the work system under examination and the quantification of their dimension, based upon the combination between severity and frequency of the maximal possible consequences for the human body.

  11. METODS OF RISK ASSESSMENT • 4 categories (based on theoretical model of work related accidents genesis) • Methods of ”Controls and check-up” kind • (check-list at company level, section level, work place level, installation level) • Methods based on Heinrich model • (check-list for dangerous conditions and behaviors) • Metods based on fiability systems theory • Analysis of mode of disturbance and their effect (AMDE) • Analysis of disturbance tree (ADD) • Preliminary analysis of risks (APR) • HAZOP method (Hazard operability) • MOSAR method • Metodsbased on systems ergonomy • DSF method (Diagnosis safety form) • DCT method (Diagnostique des conditions du travail) • SDQ method (Safety diagnosis Questionare) • MORT method (Management Oversight and risk tree) • RENAULT method • INCDPM Bucharest Romania method

  12. NECESSARY STEPS IN RISK ASSESSMENT • IDENTIFICATION OF ALL RISK FACTORS (HAZARDS) • DEFINITION OF SYSTEM (WORKPLACE) TO BE EXAMINED • APPOINTMENT OF THE TEAM OF ASSESSORS • FIELD ANALYSIS ŞI IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS (working instrument: risk factors identification list) • RISK ASSESSEMENT - ESTABLISHING MAXIMAL POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE HUMAN BODY(working instrument: list of the possible consequences of the action of risk factors for the human body) • ESTABLISHINGSEVERITY CLASS(working instrument: grid of the severity of consequences) • ESTABLISHINGFREQUENCY CLASS(working instrument: grid of the frequency of consequences) • ESTABLISHINGPARTIAL RISK LEVEL (risc level grid) • CALCULATION OF THE GLOBAL RISK LEVEL FOR THE WORKPLACE

  13. NECESSARY STEPS IN RISK ASSESSMENT 3. HIERARCHY OF ASSESSED RISKS AND ESTABLISHING PREVENTION AND PROTECTION MEASURES (Form: Proposed prevention measures card) 4. MEASURES IMPLEMENTATION (Decisions taken by the Safety and Health at Work Comity for elaboration of the protection and prevention plan) 5. MONITORING THE MEASURES IMPLEMENTENTATION AND REVIEW (internal control)

  14. WHAT RESULTS FROM RISK ASSESSMENT • WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT CARD - EXAMPLE

  15. WHAT RESULTS FROM RISK ASSESSMENT PROPOSED MEASURES CARD - EXAMPLE

  16. COMMON ERRORS IN RISK ASSESSMENT • STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS AND THOSE AT RISK • Not considering all the component of the work system analyzed (materials and equipment, work environment, work task, worker) • Incomplete assessment team (assessor, worker, doctor) • Lack of statistics and medical record • STEP 2: RISK ASSESSMENT • Establishing the wrong consequence (not having a doctor in the team) • Lack of accidents and work related diseases statistics and therefore, wrong frequency class • Not differencing in assessment of “state” and “variations”

  17. COMMON ERRORS IN RISK ASSESSMENT • STEP 3: PRIORITISE RISKS AND ESTABLISHING PREVENTIVE MEASURES • Not taking into account the generic hierarchy classification order of prevention measures • Risk removal measures (Intrinsic prevention) • Risk isolation measures (Collective protection) • Human isolation measures (Personal protection) • STEP 4: IMPLEMENTING MEASURES • Not having a action plan – prevention and protection – which contains the hierarchy classification order of prevention measures in descrescend order of risk level, responsibility and costs. • STEP 5: MONITOR THE MEASURES IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW • Not monitoring the measures taken to ensure that their effectiveness is maintained • Not informing managers, workers and/or their representatives of the results of the RA and of the measures introduced. • Not reviewing it regularly to ensure that it remains up-to-date

  18. THE SITUATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT IN EUROPE • FRANCE: 76% from enterprises with over 20 employs have effectuated risk assessment • OLANDA: 42% small enterprises (1 to 4 employs) 53% small enterprises (5 până la 9 employs) 81% medium enterprises (10 până la 99 employs) 97% large enterprises (over 100 employs) • ITALY: 88,5% small enterprises (1 până la 50 employs) 93,4% medium and large enterprises (over 50 employs) • ESPANA: 61% from enterprises • GERMANY: 30% small enterprises (1 până la 9 employs) 54% small enterprises (10 până la 49 employs) 80% medium enterprises (50 până la 249 employs) 97% large enterprises (peste 250 employs) • LETONIA: 22% from the totality of enterprises • ENGLAND: 82% from the totality of enterprises • DANEMARCA: 75% from the totality of enterprises (source European Agency for Safety and Health at Work)

  19. THE SITUATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT IN ROMANIA • 50% from large enterprises • 15% SME • INCDPM: • Has developed a risk assessment method based on principles from standard EN 1050/1996 • In the last ten years has realized risk assessment for 6 000 workplaces from over 300 enterprises • Organize postgraduate risk assessment curses in association with universities • Over 2 500 persons with higher technical education have graduated postgraduate risk assessment curses

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