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Answer the 4 questions on sheet

(Please have your “Lincoln” packet out) What are the most important advantages and disadvantages to the Union and Confederacy?. Answer the 4 questions on sheet. Civil War 1861-65. How did Executive power increase during the Civil War? How did war turn into one over slavery?

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Answer the 4 questions on sheet

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  1. (Please have your “Lincoln” packet out)What are the most important advantages and disadvantages to the Union and Confederacy? Answer the 4 questions on sheet

  2. Civil War 1861-65 • How did Executive power increase during the Civil War? • How did war turn into one over slavery? • Battle of Antietam: Emancipation Proclamation • Battle of Gettysburg: Gettysburg Address • 13th Amendment

  3. Lincoln: • (#2) Most significant “crossroad”? • (#3) What if he chose differently? • (#4) Examples of increases in Executive power?

  4. The Union and Confederacy

  5. April 1861- Sumter

  6. Confederate President Jefferson Davis Union President Abraham Lincoln

  7. Advantages, Disadvantages

  8. North strategy- “Anaconda” • Blockade: • No exports of cotton; economy strangled • No imports of food, materials • Mississippi • Cut Confederacy in 2 • Richmond • The capital

  9. Northern strategy: “Anaconda” • Blockade • Mississippi • Richmond

  10. Confederate strategy • Defensive war; prepare and wait for attack • All they have to do is “not lose” • “War of attrition” • Inflict continuous casualties on Northern attackers • North will lose the will to fight • Europe will side with them (cotton) • Cut off trade in 61- HUGE blunder

  11. 18th century tactics + 19th century technology= massive casualties • (Antietam- 23,000 casualties in one day; • Gettysburg: @ 5,800 dead- Iraq and Afghanistan- 5,281 dead)

  12. 1862- Battle of Antietam/ Emancipation • 1861- 1862- Robert E. Lee and Confederate Army defeat Union attempts at taking Richmond…

  13. Under Confederate General Robert E. Lee • Late summer ’62- Army on a roll… • INVADE NORTH (MD); victory would… • Start uprising in Maryland • Convince Europe to support South • Get food for army

  14. Union • Doesn’t know where Lee is… • Secret plans found on cigar

  15. Antietam • 40,000 Confederates • 100,000 Union • September 1862 • Northern Maryland

  16. 1st 3 hours, 12,000 total casualties

  17. By day’s end • 12,000 Union casualties • 14,000 Confederate casualties

  18. September 17, 1862 • Sept. 17, 1862=Bloodiest Day in U.S. History- 23,000 casualties • 3,654 Dead • 2nd Bloodiest=Sept. 11, 2001 (3,056)

  19. Antietam National Cemetary

  20. Lee’s retreat • 1/3 of Confederate Army casualties • Retreats (limps) back to south • Invasion a failure • Northern “victory”

  21. Lincoln: Why not free the slaves? • #1 Objective: save the Union, not free slaves • Political/ Military- Border states (MI, KY, DE, MD) may secede • May seem like an act of desperation- Confederacy has been winning all the battles • Legal- Does not have the Constitutional right to do so

  22. Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln • Has his victory- in a position of strength • Issues Emancipation Proclamation Nov. ’62 • Ultimatum to Confederacy – “On the first day of January (1863), all persons held as slaves within any State in rebellion against the United States, shall be forever free…” • Issued “by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander in chief” • How does this solve all 4 Problems?

  23. the meanwhile, Grant in the west… • All that’s left is Vicksburg on Mississippi Vicksburg was high on a bluff at a bend in the Mississippi; Gunboats were useless

  24. Vicksburg Bend in the Mississippi

  25. Grant’s risky campaign • March to May 1863 • Crosses Miss. South of V’burg • Attacks Jackson first

  26. Seige of Vicksburg, May- July 1863 • 2,800 shells a day for 47 days; how many per minute??\ • people inside starving… resort to eating shoe leather • July 4, 1863- 30,000 Confederates surrender Statue of Grant at Vicksburg today

  27. Lingering memories • Vicksburg Mississippi did not celebrate the 4th of July again until 1944 (after D-Day)

  28. Summer 1863- The turning point of the war • Gettysburg • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ALyq3seK2g • Vicksburg • The speech

  29. Nov. 1863- the Gettysburg Addresshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2a-S3rjDBw

  30. Importance of 1863 • July 3, 1863- Lee retreats from G’burg • Weakened army of Northern Virginia will never threaten Union soil again • July 4, 1863- Vicksburg surrendered • Mississippi River now in Union hands

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