1 / 34

第五章词汇翻译技巧（上）

第五章词汇翻译技巧（上）. 5.1 移植法：在译文中直接借用原文词语。移植分为直接移植和音译两种情况 5.1.1 直接移植：将原文中的词语原封不动地挪用过来，多应用于科技翻译和新闻媒体中。 例： 1 ） KTV; DISCO; IQ;EQ;AQ 5.1.2 音译 transliterate ：用一种语言文字写出或读出另一种语言的词和词组的发音。音译适用以下范围：. 1 ，几乎所用的人名： Lincoln 林肯 Churchill 丘吉尔 Haughton 霍顿 Shakespeare 莎士比亚 Rambo 兰博 曹雪芹 Cao Xueqin

quincy-cameron
Download Presentation

第五章词汇翻译技巧（上）

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 第五章词汇翻译技巧（上） • 5.1 移植法：在译文中直接借用原文词语。移植分为直接移植和音译两种情况 • 5.1.1直接移植：将原文中的词语原封不动地挪用过来，多应用于科技翻译和新闻媒体中。 • 例：1）KTV; DISCO; IQ;EQ;AQ • 5.1.2 音译transliterate • ：用一种语言文字写出或读出另一种语言的词和词组的发音。音译适用以下范围：

  2. 1，几乎所用的人名： • Lincoln 林肯 • Churchill 丘吉尔 • Haughton 霍顿 • Shakespeare 莎士比亚 • Rambo 兰博 • 曹雪芹 Cao Xueqin • 鲁迅 Lu Xun • 钱钟书 Qian Zhongshu

  3. 2， 大多数地名： • Australia 澳大利亚 • New York 纽约 • Atlanta 亚特兰大 • Miami 迈阿密 • 泰安 Taian • 山东 Shandong • 董家庄 Dongjia Village

  4. 3, 港澳台地区与我国对国外人名地名翻译区别： • Reagon 雷根 • Kennedy 甘乃迪 • Bush 布席 • Sydney 雪梨 • New Zealand 纽西兰 • Hollywood 荷里活

  5. 4，译入语原来没有的事物，包括科技新词、某些商标与文化词等。4，译入语原来没有的事物，包括科技新词、某些商标与文化词等。 • Dink 丁克 • Yippie 雅皮士 • Hippie 嬉皮士 • Sauna 桑那 • Shock (therapy) 休克疗法 • 金华（火腿）JINHUA • 麻将 mahjong 磕头 kowtow 功夫 kungfu • 茅台 Maotai 阴阳 yin yang 饺子 jiaozi

  6. 5，人的本名译音，外号译意 • Iron Lady 铁娘子 • The Devil 魔鬼撒旦 • Cinderella 灰姑娘 • Snow White 白雪公主 • 芦柴棒 Spindle-Shanks • 赤发鬼刘唐 Liu Tang the Red-haired ghost • 智多星吴用 Wu Yong the Brain truster • 黑旋风李逵 Li Kui the Black Whirlwind

  7. 6,表示地里类别的普通名词的地名，其中普通地名译意：6,表示地里类别的普通名词的地名，其中普通地名译意： • Louisiana State University • The Gulf of Mexico • The Strait of Gibraltar • The Philippine Islands • The Suez Canal • 浙江省 Zhejiang Province • 上海市 the City of Shanghai • 泰山 Mount Tai

  8. 7, 某些商标的翻译半译音半译意： • Goldlion Giant • Pepsi Cola Polaroid • Nike Jell-O • Truly Holsten • Fieyta Lactov • Colgate Bisquit • Canon 乐凯 Lucky • Safeguard Paloma 乔士（衬衫）Choose • 四通（电脑）Stone

  9. 8, 音译词后加一个表示类属的范畴词： • Sardine 沙丁鱼 • Pizza 比萨饼 • Waltz 华尔兹舞 • Champagne 香槟酒 • Jacket 夹克衫 • Bowling 保龄球 • Shark 鲨鱼 • 云吞 wonton soap • 花雕 huadiao wine

  10. 9, 约定俗成： • Bernard Shaw 肖伯纳 • Cambridge 剑桥 • Shelley 雪莱 • Benjamin Broomhall 海文启 • 香港 Hong Kong • 孙中山 Sun Yat-san • 毛泽东 Mao Zetung • 蒋介石 Kung Kaishi

  11. 10, 大多数音译在长期使用中固定下来： Logic jeep sofa tank waltz disco Pie biscuits 磕头 衙门 四合院 饺子 11， 音意译并存： Penicillin engine vitamin microphone Taxi 武术：wushu/martial arts 太极拳: taijiquan/shadow-boxing

  12. 5.2 词语增减法：增词不增意，减词不减意 • 5.2.1 弥合语法差异的需要。 • 5.2.1.1 代词增减:英译汉很多代词可省略，汉译英时可根据具体情况增加代词。 • 例：1）Calmly, mother looked around before she turned back fearlessly, closing the door behind her and dashed to the window. • 2) 凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意侵人。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里别的东西，都隐在光云里。 （冰心）

  13. 2) 凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意侵人。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里别的东西，都隐在光云里。 （冰心）

  14. 5.2.1.2 介词增减法 • 例：3）他卧床一天（for) • 他握着手枪（in) • 他们学习英语语法（in) • 我们默默地坐在那里。（in) • 他们出发进城了 （for) • 他追求名利 （for) • 他笑你愚蠢(at)

  15. 4) At about this time, movies actors began running forPresident, astronauts began flying around the planet to get from one desert to another, and people began renting one-bedroom apartments for $2000 a month. • 5.2.1.3 关联词的增减 • 例：5）Even you go there, there won’t be any result. • 6) The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet. • 7) 小孩子受了惊吓就会哭。When/As • 8）有人喜欢吃肥肉，有人讨厌吃肥肉。 • Likes fat, while/whereas dislike

  16. 5.2.1.4 语助词的增减 • 例：9）我想起李白杜甫在那遥远的年代，以一叶扁舟搏浪激进，该是多么雄伟的搏斗，会激发诗人多少瑰丽的诗思啊。 • 10) After all, what is more enviable than happiness? • 11) Can an ape master anything like human language?

  17. 5.2.2 弥合词义差异的需要 • 5.2.2.1英语词汇的语义范围比汉语宽，英译汉增词，反之，英译汉时减词。 • 例：12）party liner 和worry lines • 13) I want to be a man, and a man I am.（增词） • 14)He was killed in a car accident on an icy Denver street, on his way home to his wife and infant daughter.(增词）untimely death • 15）If I just kept my eyes locked on the back of my brother’s truck, if I just made my wheels follow his wheels, I’d be all right.(减词）

  18. 16）The only cure for envy in the case of ordinary men and women is happiness, and the difficulty is that envy is itself a terrible obstacle to happiness. (减词） • 5.2.2.2 当汉语词义比英语宽，汉译英时用增词法，反之，汉译英时用减词法。 • 17）苗头（symptoms of a bad trend) • 襟怀（ample and simple bosom) • 18) 吴所长“噢”了一声，凭他的经验可以看出马而立头脑中的东西。（增词）

  19. 19）我们的干部必须具有公仆意识。（增词） 20）我们应该推动农产品生产、加工、和销售的有机结合。（减词） 21) 只有雨还在刷刷、刷刷地下着。（减词） 5.2.2.3 英语多用抽象词、概括力强，词义范围宽；汉语用词倾向于具体，以具体的形象表达抽象的内容。英译汉时可以使英语抽象的概念具体化，根据具体的语境加上“方法”、“现象”、“局势”、“状态”、“情况”、“政策”、“做法”、“习俗”、“精神”、 “态度”、：“问题”等范畴词， 使译文含义清晰，行文流畅。反之，汉译英时不考虑这些范畴词，把整个名词词组译成英语中的抽象名词即可。

  20. 22）To forbear is at times the proof of real greatness.(增词） • 23）We have winked at these irregularities too long. (增词） • 24) Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research. (增词） • 25) And it is not whether universities have produced valuables research and scholarship. (增词）

  21. 26) 根据科学家们的看法，用数百万年的时间才能把有机物转化成煤。（减词） • 28）人类总是无止境地千方百计使自己的土地增产。他们工作中所用的原料是他们的地理条件，一个地区的自然特征和生物的分布状况。 （减词）

  22. 5.2.3 满足译文修辞上的需要 • 5.2.3.1译文中适当的地方增加词语，传达原文的语气，使译文具有文采而达到“达”的效果。 • 29）Women screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome. (增词） • 原译：女人尖叫，小孩欢闹，男人们静静地站着观看，对结果感兴趣。 • 30）Quiet and shy, he was never more comfortable than when at his workbench. (增词）

  23. 5.2.3.2原文中有些若直译过来，会使译文显得臃肿， 不够简洁精炼。因此，为使译文简练、紧凑、文气贯通，有必要把他们省略。 • 31）He licked a finger and pushed at the pages of the notebook. (减词） • 32) 他的家里很穷，但是他从小就认真读书，刻苦学习。 (减词） • 32）此时鲁小姐卸了浓妆，换了几件淡雅衣服，逐公孙举目细看，真有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。（减词）

  24. 5.2.4 满足译文语境的需要 • 在原文化语境中原文中有些内容予以省略， 但在目的语语境中，译文采用增词法，将原文省略的内容明确化。 • 33）I never told my love vocally; still, if looks have language, the merest idiot might have guessed I was over head and ears. (增词） • 34）女人的生活天地较小，一旦过了35， 便像吃了耗子药，非紧张不可。 (增词） • 原译：women live in a small world. When they are over 35, they are bound to get upset, as if they had taken medicine for mice.

  25. 反之，有时有的词或词组在原文中使用了， 在译文中可根据上下文推断出来，该词或词组可省略不译。 • 35）她忽然觉得心头一紧，不知怎么得就哭了起来，那是欢乐的泪水，满足的泪水。 （减词） • 36）Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. （减词）

  26. 练习：1，A field of water betrays the spirit that is in the air. It has new life and motion. It is intermediate between land and sky. • 2，On land, only the grass and trees wave, but the water itself is rippled by the wind. I see the breeze dash over it in streaks and flakes of light. • 3, 柔软的柳丝低垂在静谧的小河边上，河边的顽童，破坏了小河的安静。 • 4，这儿峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中激水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。

  27. 译文：1，池水映出了空中的精魂。其中有生，其中有动。天覆之，地载之。译文：1，池水映出了空中的精魂。其中有生，其中有动。天覆之，地载之。 • 2， 地不动，只是草在动，树在动。而水却因风而波。我看见，微风过处，水面生纹，闪起粼粼的光。 • 3， Willow tendrils hung low over the banks of the stream, where only the shouts of children broke the stillness. • 4, It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and grass, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts.

  28. 4) What is Life • Life is a song. Sing it.           • Life is a gift. Accept it. • Life is a duty. Perform it. • Life is struggle. Fight it.   • Life is a mystery. Unfold it. Life is a mountain. Climb it. Life is an adventure. Dare it. Life is a flower. Appreciate it. Life is a tragedy. Face it. Life is a journey. Complete it.

  29. If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. • The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.

  30. 说起“早逝”，人们或有所指，他们定然相信有些死亡更合天意。年迈而终不能称作未尽天年—美好年华未尽，评说尚待时日。说起“早逝”，人们或有所指，他们定然相信有些死亡更合天意。年迈而终不能称作未尽天年—美好年华未尽，评说尚待时日。 • 生命短暂即不完满，此种观点荒谬无理，生命的价值在其影响，在其灿烂，在其流芳百世。

  31. 5 爱莲说 宋·周敦颐 • 　　水陆草木之花，可爱者甚蕃。晋陶渊明独爱菊：自李唐来，世人甚爱牡丹；予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。 • 予谓菊，花之隐逸者也；牡丹，花之富贵者也；莲，花之君子者也。噫！菊之爱，陶后鲜有闻；莲之爱，同予者何人？牡丹之爱，宜乎众矣！

  32. Ode of Lotus • Zhou Dunyi in Song Dynasty • Among the aquatic and terraneous flowers, the beloved ones are pretty abundant. Tao Yuanming, a poet in Jin Dynasty, favored chrysanthemum; Since Tang Dynasty, the commons turned to love peony; however, I have been cherishing lotus which rises from silt unsullied, bathes in clear water but not coquettish. Its stem is hollow inside and straight outside, without entwining branches; its fragrance reaches afar, being straight and graceful over there, it could only be appreciated from a distance but allowed no profanity nearby.

  33. I deem chrysanthemum as hermit in flowers kingdom; peony, as the rich, and lotus, as honorable man. Alas! Lovers of chrysanthemum were less heard, about lotus, its lovers like me, where are they? Whereas, lovers of peony are everywhere in the world!

More Related