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Theorizing Control to Explain Transformations in Migration-Securitization

Theorizing Control to Explain Transformations in Migration-Securitization. A Constructivist Analysis of the Netherlands’ Immigration Detention Regime . Janneka Beeksma Canadian Association for Refugee and Forced Migration Studies 2014. Objectives.

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Theorizing Control to Explain Transformations in Migration-Securitization

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  1. Theorizing Control to Explain Transformations in Migration-Securitization A Constructivist Analysis of the Netherlands’ Immigration Detention Regime Janneka Beeksma Canadian Association for Refugee and Forced Migration Studies 2014

  2. Objectives • To bring coherence to diverse sets of repressive immigration policies and practices by exposing their underpinning migration control policy framework(s) • To understand this framework as a subjective definition of the ‘migration-reality’ in order to address these policies and practices at their shared root

  3. Method & Limitations • Case Study: The Netherlands • Modus Operandi: Immigration Detention • Qualitative Interviewing • Limitations: • Illustrative, rather than comprehensive • One theoretical explanation

  4. Entrenchment of Detention Expansion of Detention

  5. Layering Policy and Practice Immigration Detention Crimmigration Migration-Control Migration-Securitization

  6. Selecting a Theory • Rationalist Explanations • Assumes  are measures taken by the rational state for innate self-interested purposes • Interpretivist Explanations • Deconstructs  to set of entirely subjective ideas innate innate

  7. Constructivist Theory: Mutually-Constitutive, Mutually-Reinforcing Interactions • Objective factors: • Netherlands’ social welfare reputation & relationship to EU policy harmonization • Subjective factors: • ‘Irregular migrant’ category a threat to the state’s security

  8. Conclusions • Migration control as a catalyst for crimmigration and immigration detention • Immigration detention as a mechanism for reinforcing crimmigration and migration control • Combat these developments through awareness of their mutually-reinforcing relationship, interrogating of their underpinning subjective security frameworks

  9. References • Adler, E. (1997a) 'Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics’, European Journal of International Relations 3(3): 319-363. • Bigo, D. (2006) 'Internal and External Aspects of Security', European Security15(4): 385-404. • Bosworth, M. (2008b) 'Border Control and the Limits of the Sovereign State’, Social& Legal Studies 17(2): 199-215. • Broeders, D. (2010) 'Return to Sender?: Administrative Detention of Irregular Migrants in Germany and the Netherlands', Punishment & Society 12(2): 169-186. • Flynn, M. (2013a) 'The Hidden Costs of Human Rights: The Case of Immigration Detention', Global Detention Project Working Paper, No. No. 7, pp.1-12. Geneva, Switzerland: Global Detention Project. • Flynn, M. (2013b) 'Be Careful What You Wish for', Forced Migration Review (44):22-23. • Flynn, M. (2012) 'On the Unintended Consequences of Human Rights Promotion on Immigration Detention', Discussion Paper. Geneva: Global Detention Project. • Flynn, M. (2011) 'An Introduction to Data Construction on Immigration-Related Detention'. Geneva: Global Detention Project. • Flynn, M. and Cannon, C. (2010) 'Detention at the Borders of Europe: Report on the Joint Global Detention Project - International Detention Coalition Workshop in Geneva, Switzerland, 2-3 October 2010', pp. 1-16. Geneva, Switzerland: Global Detention Project. • Global Detention Project (2009) 'Netherlands Detention Profile'. Accessed 20 November 2013<http://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/netherlands/introduction.html>. • Guia, M.J., M. van der Woude and J. van der Leun (eds) (2013) Social Control and Justice. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. • Kuboyama, R. (2008) 'The Transformation from Restrictive to Selective ImmigrationPolicyin Emerging National Competition State: Case of Japan in Asia-Pacific Region', COMCAD Arbeitspapiere - Working Papers, No.61. Bielefeld: Centre on Migration, Citizenship and Development. • Leerkes, A. and Broeders, D. (2010) 'A Case of Mixed Motives? Formal andIInformalFunctions of Administrative Immigration Detention', British Journal of Criminology 50(5): 830-850. • Silverman, S.J. (2012) '“Regrettable but Necessary?” A Historical and Theoretical Study of the Rise of the U.K. Immigration Detention Estate and its Opposition’, Politics & Policy 40(6): 1131-1157. • Silverman, S.J. and Massa E. (2012) 'Why Immigration Detention is Unique’, Population, Space and Place 18(6): 677-686.

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