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Task Force on Modernizing Income Security for Working Age Adults (MISWAA) Process, Highlights of Research and Recomme

Task Force on Modernizing Income Security for Working Age Adults (MISWAA) Process, Highlights of Research and Recommendations June 2006. Introduction.

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Task Force on Modernizing Income Security for Working Age Adults (MISWAA) Process, Highlights of Research and Recomme

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  1. Task Force on Modernizing Income Security for Working Age Adults(MISWAA) Process, Highlights of Research and RecommendationsJune 2006

  2. Introduction Formed in the fall of 2004 by the Toronto City Summit Alliance, a broad-based coalition of civic leaders in the Toronto region, and St. Christopher House, a multi-service neighbourhood centre that works with low-income people in Toronto. Steering Committee of over 50 representatives from major employers, labour unions, policy institutes, academia, community organizations, advocacy groups, foundations, governments1, and individuals with first-hand experience of income security programs. While the diverse group didn’t achieve consensus on all proposals, members are united in the belief that the current income security system is broken and that all orders of government must come to the table to secure the needed reforms. Task Force report to be released in May 2006 followed by a communication effort to broaden the coalition and advocate for change. (1) Government members participated in an ex-officio capacity

  3. Process Three Key Objectives Of The Task Force To provide a clear, soundly supported assessment of Ontario and Canada’s income security systems and programs, grounded in the experience of those affected To develop pragmatic proposals for policy and program changes for governments to improve the economic security of low income, working age adults- focusing on Ontario in a national context To design Ontario and pan-Canadian communication campaigns to help ensure that proposals for governments are put into motion.

  4. Process Sources Of Funding (All Non-Government) • The Atkinson Charitable Foundation • KPMG • The Laidlaw Foundation • The Law Foundation of Ontario • The Maytree Foundation • The JW McConnell Family Foundation • TD Bank Financial Group • The United Way of Greater Toronto The Atkinson Charitable Foundation provided the seed money to set up the Task Force and is lead sponsor

  5. Ace Bakery Atkinson Charitable Foundation Bain & Company The Boston Consulting Group The Caledon Institute CCSD Cdn Inst. For Advanced Research Canadian Labour Congress CPRN Canadian Urban Institute C.D. Howe Institute Ctre for Addiction & Mental Health Citizens for Public Justice City of London City of Toronto2 Community Legal Services Conference Board of Canada CUPE Daily Bread Food Bank Dickson, MacGregor, Appell LLP Falconbridge Limited Regent Park Community Council Ryerson University St. Christopher House Scotiabank SEDI SRDC Tamarack Institute TO & York Reg’l Labour Council Toronto City Summit Alliance Toronto Community Foundation TD Bank Financial Group Toronto Police Service United Way of Greater Toronto University of Montreal U of T School of Social Work United Jewish Appeal Federation US Urban Institute Mercer HR Consulting Workers Action Centre Yee Hong Centre York University Process Organizations Involved In MISWAA1 Family Service Assn of Toronto George Brown College George Weston Ltd. Goodmans LLP Income Security Advocacy Centre Indept Policy Analysts and Activists KPMG Laidlaw Foundation Labour Education Centre The Maytree Foundation Min. of Com. and Social Services2 Min. of Labour and Housing2 Munk Centre for Intern’l Relns, U of T National Judicial Institute Nestle Purina Canada OCAS Ontario, Office of the Premier2 Policy Research Initiative2 PricewaterhouseCoopers Queen’s School of Policy Studies Includes organizations of both Task Force and Working Group members; See Appendix for lists of members Ex-officio members or observers

  6. Process Structure And Roles Modeled On TCSA And St. Christopher House Initiatives • Multi-Sector Task Force1 • Civic Leaders • Heads of Institutes and Front-line Agencies • Consider issues and agree on recommendations • Or acknowledge differences • Be ambassadors for reform • Community Consultation • Low Income Adults • Front-line agencies • Working Group & Secretariat1,2 • Policy Experts • Low Income Adults Review research; fill gaps Identify issues and options Develop and cost solutions See Appendix for lists of members Small Secretariat consists of: Project Director, Research Director, Admin Coordinator, and Community Consultation Leaders

  7. Process Community Reference Group And Consultation Process Informed The Research Effort And Task Force Discussions Formed Community Reference Group of low income adults; met monthly throughout the process to discuss issues and evolving recommendations • Members included social assistance recipients and low income workers • Members also joined the Working Group and participated in working sessions on specific issues, e.g.: improving ODSP; supporting the ‘hard-to-employ’ Consulted on evolving recommendations with more than 250 low income adults in fourteen workshops across the Toronto region • Groups included English-as-a-Second language classes, unemployed youth, tenants in social housing, diverse women’s and ethno-racial groups Consulted with 286 front line staff and volunteers from community service organizations in meetings convened by MISWAA, MISWAA members and interested agencies Documented and integrated input from community consultations into the Working Group’s research effort and Task Force discussions • Similar diversity of views to Task Force and Working Group • Most interest in removing impediments to working and ‘de-stigmatizing’ welfare

  8. Research Highlights: Context Context From The Research Effort 891K working age adults living in low income in Ontario1 • Est. 280K adults work full-time, earn $10/hr or less and live in low income • 219K adults with Ontario Works (OW) as primary income source • 245K adults with Ont. Disability Support Program (ODSP) as primary income $37B spent on income security in Ontario • Federal government dominates with 80% share; significant fiscal capacity • Province funds 18% and municipalities the remaining 2% • Majority of funding goes to seniors (48%), while social assistance (OW and ODSP) for working age adults represents only 10% of funding • Benefits and supports to working age adults retracting; 1993 to 2005/06 trend- • OW down -24.5% nominal (-46.1% real); ODSP up +3.0% nominal (-24.5% real); recent increases were the first since major reductions of 1995 • Minimum wage up +22.0% nominal (-2.5% real) vs. avg. wage up +26.7% Working age adults are age 18 to 64 Sources: Cited below the charts on following pages

  9. Research Highlights: Context 891,000 Working Age Adults Living In Low Income In Ontario; Approx. Half Receive Social Assistance 213K Households =100% 891K Working Age Adults1 =100% 200K Households =100% % % 11% 15% Couples 16% Other2 8% Lone Parents OW Recipients 37% 24% ODSP Recipients 28% 77% 52% Singles Full-time Working Poor3 32% Working age adults are 18 to 64 years old Other includes part-time workers, self-employed, EI recipients, homeless persons, or unemployed not receiving social assistance or EI Est. to be 5.1% of the paid labour force of 5.5M based on 11.6% of Ont. Workers being low-wage and 44.1% of low-wage workers living in low income Sources: Total from the Caledon Institute based on Statistics Canada data for 2004; Full-time Working Poor est. based on Statistics Canada data for 2004 from recent paper: Low Wage and Low Income; OW and ODSP data from Ont. Ministry of Community and Social Services’ Qrtrly Statistical Reports

  10. Research Highlights: Context Income Security In Ontario Is Primarily Under Federal Control; Seniors Dominate Spending Percent Of Income Security Program Spending In Ontario in 2004/05 ($36.7 Billion1,2 = 100%) By Order Of Government2 By Recipient Type approx 23% of total budget on ISWAA 10% 2% 5% 18% approx 12% of total budget on ISWAA 9% 49% 10% 80% 17% approx 12% of total budget on ISWAA Doesn’t include the Canada Social Transfer (approx. $3B) from the Federal government to Ontario Includes contributory programs (EI- $3.9B and Workers’ Compensation- $2.5B) Note: See back-up on next page for details and sources

  11. Research Highlights: Context Income Security For Working Age Adults Down Precipitously In Nominal And Real Terms Benefit Unit & Type 1993 Rate/Mo. 2005 Rate/Mo. Nominal Change Real Change Changes Since’93 Rate Chge Policy Frequency Single On Welfare (Basic + Shelter) Single On Welfare (No Shelter) Lone Parent With One Child Single With Disabilities Couple With Two Children On Welfare Employment Insurance1 $663.00 $369.00 $1,221.00 $930.00 $1,530.00 $1,145.34 $536.00 $201.00 $990.00 $958.00 $1,200.00 $1,374.71 -19% -45% -19% +3.0% -19% +15.9% -46.1% -70.0% -46.1% -21.5% -46.1% - 8.6% Two: -21.6%(‘95) +3.0% (‘05) Three: 2 reductions +3.0% (’05) Two: -21.6%(‘95) +3.0% (‘05) One: +3%(’05) Two: -21.6%(‘95) +3.0% (‘05) numerous No formal policy No formal policy No formal policy No formal policy No formal policy Unclear +2.0% in Nov.’06 +2.0% in Nov.’06 +2.0% in Nov.’06 +2.0% in Nov.’06 +2.0% in Nov.’06 Unclear (1) Employment Insurance rates are for average benefits in Ontario from Jan. 1993 to Jan. 2006

  12. Research Highlights: Context Low Wage Earners Haven’t Kept Pace With Average Wages Or Inflation Benefit Unit & Type 1993 Rate 2005/06 Rate1 Nominal Change Real Change Changes Since’93 Rate Chge Policy Frequency Average Wage Minimum Wage Minimum Wage F-T (40 hrs/week) Minimum Wage At Avg Hours (32 hrs/week) $2,657.32 Per month $6.35 Per hour $1,100.67 Per month $880.53 Per month $3,369.42 $7.75 $1,343.33 Per month $1,074.66 Per month +26.7% +22.0% +22.0% +22.0% +2.5% -2.5% -2.5% -2.5% Market 5 5 5 N/A $8.00 by 20072 $1,408.00 by 2007 $1,072.00 by 2007 N/A Reg’l Increase 2004 to 2007 Reg’l Increase 2004 to 2007 Reg’l Increase 2004 to 2007 Average Wages for 2006 estimated at +3.5% above the 2005 average; minimum wage increased from $7.45/hour to $7.75/hour in Feb. 2006 The 2004 through 2007 increases to minimum wage followed over a decade with no increases. No policy or mechanism is in place to monitor minimum wage or increase it beyond 2007

  13. Research Highlights: Issues Key Issues From The Research Effort1 Many working people can’t earn enough to sustain an adequate standard of living, particularly in major urban centres- both a ‘supply and demand’ problem Employment Insurance (EI) no longer provides a safety net for majority of the temporarily unemployed; particularly in Ontario and Toronto Many fall onto social assistance and get trapped in a punitive system that impedes achieving stable employment or meaningful community participation There is both a social and economic urgency to addressing these issues- especially before the next recession puts Ontario municipalities at risk Issues list is ‘high level’ and numerous issues underlie each of the key issues cited. Also considered specific issues of particular interest to MISWAA sponsors, e.g.: issues facing youth leaving care, and drivers appeals of decisions relating to social assistance, particularly ODSP eligibility

  14. Research Highlights: Issues Many Working People Can’t Earn Enough To Sustain An Adequate Standard of Living Average Income and Expenditures for Working Poor Families1 $K Avg. Expenditures2 $16.9K - $4.0K Shortfall 17% Other Avg. Income $12.9K 33% Other Necessities 2% Govt. Transfers 23% 75% 50% Earnings Basic Needs Income and expenditures have been adjusted for family size using a LIM equivalent scale to reflect that family needs increase with family size Basic Needs include shelter, food and clothing; Necessities include transportation, health care, childcare, personal care, household ops, taxes, insurance; Other expenses include furniture, recreation, tobacco and alcohol, gifts, etc Source: Dominique Fleury, Myriam Fortin and May Luong, What Does it Mean to be Poor and Working? An Analysis of the spending patterns and living conditions of working poor families in Canada, 2005, based on Statistics Canada’s 2002 Survey of Household Spending

  15. Research Highlights: Issues EI No Longer Provides A Safety Net For Majority Of The Temporarily Unemployed Percentage of Unemployed Receiving EI Benefits, by City, 2004 St. John’s Saguenay Quebec St. John Sherbrooke Trois-Rivieres Halifax Thunder bay Montreal Sudbury St. Catherine’s Kitchener Edmonton Winnipeg Saskatoon Regina Vancouver Calgary London Oshawa Hamilton Windsor Toronto Ottawa 22% in Toronto % Ontario Avg. National Avg. Source: Caledon Institute of Social Policy and Statistics Canada

  16. Research Highlights: Issues OW Recipients Down Significantly Leaving Population With High Duration; Different Segments Require Different Supports Avg. Months Receiving OW by Family Type; Toronto 2004 Historical Trend in OW Cases Cases (000’s) Months • Estimate that one-third to two-thirds of the caseload is hard to serve; e.g. in Toronto: • 36% left OW in 2004; 27% received OW for more than 7 months at any point in time Source: Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services’ Quarterly Statistical Reports for Dec. of each year; City of Toronto’s Ontario Works Statistics for 2004 Note: Other factors driving high duration include low education level, large family size, age of youngest child (duration highest for parents with children age 9+)

  17. Research Highlights: Issues Many Impediments To Moving From Social Assistance To Working • A lone parent who leaves social assistance for a job paying $10/hour will experience the following: • Loss of social assistance benefits for adult and each child • Increased childcare expenses • Loss of basic dental coverage for the children • Loss of prescription drug coverage that doesn’t require payment upfront • Loss of back to school benefits • Loss of winter clothing allowance • Becomes ineligible for special diet allowances where required • Loses community start-up benefits for a medically necessary move • He or she will begin to pay net federal taxes at approx. $1,600 a month net income • Her or his Ontario sales tax credits could be reduced.

  18. Research Highlights: Issues High Marginal Tax Rates At Low Incomes Due To Benefit Loss When Moving From SA To Work And As Incomes Increase Marginal Effective Tax Rates in Ontario (%) in 1996 and 2000 For One Earner Couple With Two Children on Social Assistance Marginal Tax Rate % 1996 2000 Income $ Source: OECD, Economic Surveys Canada, 1999-2000, cited in Lightman, Ernie. Social Policy in Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2003 Note from Prof. Ernie Lightman: “The OECD indicates that these data don’t include loss or reduction of in-kind benefits (e.g.: extended health care, subsidized rent, or child care) as incomes rise- which would raise the marginal tax rates for low income households even higher, in excess of 100% in some cases”

  19. Research Highlights: Issues Ageing Population To Decrease Labour Force Participation Constraining Economic Growth Fewer Working Canadians to Support Growing Numbers of Retirees Labour Force Participation 67% 60% Old-age Dependency Ratio1 5.3 2.7 2003 2030 Getting Canadians out of the income security trap and into the labour force would boost all incomes Ratio of people aged 15 to 64 to people aged 65+ Source: TD Economics: 2030 Vision- A long-Term Economic Forecast For Canada, Eric Lascelles, July 2004.

  20. Principles Principles For Reform Of The Income Security System For Working Age Adults (I) The Task Force envisions an income security system for working-age adults that treats people with dignity, reinforces the value of work, and does not leave those for whom “work is a distant prospect” to live in destitution. A modern income security system would expect and encourage individuals to assume personal responsibility for taking advantage of opportunities for engagement in the workforce or in community life. That system would be guided by the following principles: • Everyone should have access to basic necessities (food, clothing, shelter, and personal hygiene) through an appropriate mix of personal resources including: earnings from work, insured services (e.g. health), income security, and other supports (e.g. access to affordable housing and quality childcare) • Individuals working full-time, full-year should not live in poverty.1They should have a decent standard of living and they should be financially better off working than not working Note: Average hours for minimum wage workers fall short of full-time hours at 31 to 32 /hours per week versus 37.5 to 40 hours for full-time

  21. Principles Principles For Reform Of The Income Security System For Working Age Adults (II) • Children should not be an impediment to parents’ participation in the labour market, and parents’ participation in the labour market should not put their children’s well-being at risk • Everyone should have the means to improve their situation through: • appropriate skills training and employment supports • decent job opportunities that meet legal employment standards, and • opportunities for community service if work is not a viable option.

  22. Recommendations Summary Of Recommendations (I) Multiple levers are required for a robust social safety net. We recommend the following reforms for Canada and Ontario: The federal government should: • Reform Employment Insurance to address the significant decline in coverage of the unemployed and the related decline in access to employment supports and training. • Create a new refundable tax benefit consisting of a basic tax credit for all low-income working-age adults and a working income supplement for low-income wage earners. • Provide and administer a national disability income support program for persons whose disabilities are so substantial that they are unlikely to enter the paid labour force. The Task Force also supports the recommendations made by others to increase the National Child Benefit to an adequate level.

  23. Recommendations Summary Of Recommendations (II) The provincial government should: • Establish an independent body, with representation from labour and employers, to recommend periodic increases to the minimum wage and monitor the employment and economic effects. It should be put in place before February 2007 when currently planned minimum wage increases will have been completed. • Implement an integrated child benefit platform for all low-income parents with children that pays benefits outside the social assistance system. • Provide basic health (prescription drugs and vision care) and dental coverage to low-income workers. • Strengthen enforcement of employment standards to protect the rights of workers under the law with a focus on employers that are high risk to offend. Up-date and expand current employment standards to cover new forms of work.

  24. Recommendations Summary Of Recommendations (III) The provincial government should (cont’d): • Raise social assistance asset limits to $5,500 for a single person and $9,000 for a family, along with other improvements in asset treatment. • Revamp the disability determination process for the ODSP to streamline decision-making and provide support services to applicants earlier. • Reinstate earlier provincial policies to set disability benefits at the same levels received by senior citizens who have no other source of income. • Improve and expand employment supports, training and upgrading for social assistance recipients, as well as for low-income workers. • Provide of OW recipients who have multiple barriers to work with special supports to encourage participation in community activities and longer-term capacity building. • Allow persons receiving ODSP who can work despite their disability to participate in the labour market without jeopardizing health and dental coverage. • Upload social assistance benefits costs for municipally delivered OW, and all social assistance costs for provincially delivered ODSP, from municipalities to the province.

  25. Recommendations: Back-up Supporting Points for Recommended Integrated Child Benefit Platform With the creation of the National Child Benefit in 1998 and its subsequent growth, benefits for children have become very significant All stakeholders agree with ending the “NCBS Clawback” from social assistance recipients • Advocates believe the clawback should be ended by returning the clawed back amounts to social assistance recipients in the form of higher social assistance payments. • The Task Force agrees with the original objectives of the NCB, several other provinces, Ontario Municipalities and others that the clawback should be ended by creating a provincial platform of child benefits for all low income families with children. Rather than having two very significant benefit programs for poor children in the form of children’s amounts in Social Assistance; and The Canada Child Tax Benefit (CTB and NCBS) • It proposes that social assistance child rates, the Canada Child Tax Benefit and other child benefits all be rolled into an overall Ont. benefit payable to low income families with children. Outcomes: Social assistance would no longer have children’s rates, lowering the welfare wall as having children will no longer be an impediment to securing and obtaining better employment (i.e. children’s benefits currently under welfare would not be lost with employment) Ontario would help pave the way for a national income platform for low income children. The unpopular clawback would be ended.

  26. Back-up Potential Architecture For Canada’s Adult Benefits In Ontario Target Group Jurisdiction Programs (Jurisdiction) For all low income working age adults1 Federal Basic refundable income-tested tax benefit; some restrictions on eligibility Child benefit platform; adequate benefit levels (federal, provincial) Drug, dental, other health benefits (provincial) Training and employment supports (federal, provincial, municipal) Financial literacy services (provincial, municipal) Social fund; integrate emergency welfare over time (provincial, municipal) Related programs, e.g.: affordable housing, immigrant settlement For low income working adults Federal Income-tested working income supplement Provincial Independent body to recommend and monitor min. wage increases; better enforced employment stds Short-term support for ‘employable’ adults Federal ‘Rebalanced’ EI coverage; improved access to EI ‘Part II’ (employment supports, training, maternity and parental leave) Medium-to-long term support for ‘harder to employ’ adults Provincial Improved asset treatment and opportunity planning orientation; residual welfare system Persons with disabilities Provincial ODSP benefits in line with seniors’; revamped up-front application process; other improvements New Integrated Tax Benefit Program All 18 to 64 year olds including persons with disabilities Independent body would include representatives from employers and labour and would monitor of effects of increases on economy and employment

  27. Back-up Refundable Tax Credit (RTC) And Working Income Supplement (WIS): Effects On Income As Transition From SA To Working Annual Benefits ($) $3,000: Max RTC + WIS $2,400: Max WIS $1,800: Max RTC $5,000: Min wage @ 11.5 hrs/wek $12,896: Min wage @ 31 hrs/wek $21,4806: NCBS begins phasing out Annual employment income ($)

  28. Back-up Effect of Potential Reform on Low Income Single With No Children Monthly Earned Income1 In-Kind Benefit e.g. dental, prescription drugs Total Income $/Month Increase in Income6 Old5 New Old New $0 $250 $500 $750 $1,000 $1,0752 $1,4003 $1,700 ($10/hour) $1,790 at phase out4 Limited Limited Limited Limited None None None None None Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available 536 661 786 911 1,000 1,075 1,400 1,700 1,790 667 791 944 1,103 1,237 1,324 1,522 1,734 1,791 $131 $130 $158 $192 $237 $249 $122 $34 $1 $8.00 minimum wage at February 2007 is used here Minimum wage at average hours (31 hours) Minimum wage full-time Phase out point of the new tax credits is $1,790/month (above $21,480/year) OW provides emergency coverage for adults which ceases when earned income reaches $1,072/month and the single person becomes ineligible for OW Includes effect of repurposing the GST credit

  29. Back-up Effect of Potential Reform on Lone Parent With One Child; Childcare Provided1 Monthly Earned Income2 In-Kind Benefit e.g. dental, prescription drugs Total Income $/Month Increase in Income7 Old6 New Old New $0 $250 $500 $750 $1,000 $1,0753 $1,4004 $1,700 ($10/hour) $1,790 at phase out5 Limited Limited Limited Limited Limited Limited Limited Limited Limited Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available 1,100 1,235 1,365 1,490 1,615 1,653 1,815 1,965 2,040 1,222 1,337 1,482 1,654 1,836 1,876.5 1,964 2,088 2,145 $112 $102 $117 $164 $221 $223.5 $101 $123 $105 Earnings exemptions that apply to informal childcare are not included in these figures $8.00 minimum wage at February 2007 is used here Minimum wage at average hours (31 hours) Minimum wage full-time Phase out point of new tax credits is $1,790/month (above $21,480/year) OW provides coverage for children and emergency only for adults. It continues in lone parent case as maximum earnings level allowed while on OW is approx. $2,620/month Includes effect of repurposing the GST credit

  30. Back-up Effect Of MISWAA Proposals (Before And After) On Income Sources And Employment Supports For Four Target Populations

  31. Estimated Costs Of MISWAA’s Proposals The estimated cost of the MISWAA proposal for a new refundable tax benefit for working-age adults is $8.5 billion annually for all of Canada, including $3.1 billion annually for Ontario. There is also an incremental cost for MISWAA proposals to the Ontario government, which is estimated to be $1.45 billion annually.1 (1) Costs for some recommendations were not included because the programs are already in place or the Task Force is endorsing the positions taken by others (e.g. cost of proposed increase in the NCB), or the data necessary to do the costing wasn’t available (e.g. cost to reduce hours of eligibility for EI)

  32. Areas Where Some Task Force Members Have Alternative Views Matters of principle, e.g.: what constitutes adequacy and roles of society, the individual, the labour market and the income security system in delivering it Extent and specificity of EI reform (rebalanced coverage or uniform entrance requirements; reduced hours for eligibility versus minimum 360 hr. requirement) Income supplementation combined with modest minimum wage increases (versus significant minimum wage hikes in near term) New tax credits (versus large social assistance benefit increases) Common platform for Federal and Provincial children’s benefits (versus increasing children’s benefits in social assistance) Which level of government should design and deliver new income security programs (most believe that the federal government should play a larger role but some believe that provinces are better positioned)

  33. Co-chairs David Pecaut – Chair, Toronto City Summit Alliance; Senior Partner, The Boston Consulting Group Susan Pigott – CEO, St. Christopher House Members Ken Battle – President, The Caledon Institute2 Jill Black – MISWAA Project Director; J.E. Black & Co. Peter Bleyer, Exec. Dir., Canadian Council on Social Development Paul Born - President, Tamarack Institute Bob Brown – Ex-Chair, PricewaterhouseCoopers Joanne Campbell – VP, Community Relations, CAMH John Cartwright – President, Toronto and York Region Labour Council Jacquie Chic – Director of Advocacy & Legal Services, ISAC2 Martin Connell – Chair, Toronto Community Foundation Sue Cox – Past Exec. Director, Daily Bread Food Bank David Crombie – President & CEO, Cdn Urban Institute Mary Louise Dickson – Partner, Dickson, MacGregor, Appell LLP Debbie Douglas – Executive Director, OCASI Don Drummond – SVP & Chief Economist, TD Bank Financial Group Rev. Susan Eagle – City Councilor, City of London2 Ken Georgetti – President, Canadian Labour Congress Nathan Gilbert – Exec. Director, Laidlaw Foundation Amy Go – Exec. Director, Yee Hong Centre Anne Golden – President & CEO, The Conference Board Malcolm Hamilton – Partner, Mercer Human Resourse Counsulting Chaviva Hosek – Pres. & CEO, Cdn Institute For Advanced Research Shirley Hoy1 – CAO, City of Toronto Ahmed Hussen - Past President, Regent Park Community Council Warren Jestin - Senior Vice-President & Chief Economist, Scotiabank David Kerr - Chairman, Falconbridge Ltd. Karen Kuwahara – President, Nestle Purina Canada Deena Ladd – Coordinator, Workers Action Centre2 Frances Lankin – Pres. & CEO, United Way of Greater Toronto Ernie Lightman – Prof, Univ. of TO Sch of Social Work, SANE Project2 Judi Longfield1 - Past MP, Whitby-Oshawa and Parliamentary Sec. to the Min. of Labour and Housing Hugh MacKenzie – Independent2 Dr. Deb Matthews1 –MPP London North Centre and Parliamentary Assist. to Min. of Community and Social Services Judith Maxwell - Past President, Canadian Policy Research Networks Bill MacKinnon - Chairman & CEO, KPMG Michael Mendelson – Senior Scholar, The Caledon Institute2 Peter Nares - Exec. Dir., Social and Enterprise Development Innovations Marvyn Novick - Professor of Social Policy, Ryerson University Gail Nyberg, Executive Director, Daily Bread Food Bank Ratna Omidvar – Executive Director, The Maytree Foundation Francois Paroyan - Snr. Dir., Labour Relations, George Weston Ltd. Charles Pascal – Exec. Director, Atkinson Charitable Foundation Bob Rae - Partner, Goodmans LLP Bill Robson – SVP & Research Director, C.D. Howe Institute Anne Sado – President, George Brown College Yves Savoie – Exec. Dir., Family Service Association of Toronto Katherine Scott, VP Research, Canada Council on Social Development Hugh Segal1 - President, Institute for Research on Public Policy Ed Segalowitz – VP, United Jewish Appeal Federation Peter Sloly- Superintendent, Toronto Police Service John Stapleton – MISWAA Research Dir.; St. Christopher House Fellow Janice Stein – Director, Munk Centre for Int’l Relations at U of T George Thomson – Exec. Director, National Judicial Institute Sherrie Tingley – Social Policy Activist Task Force Members Ex-officio members Members or organizations that submitted alternative views for the Task Force’s report

  34. Co-chairs Jill Black – MISWAA Project Director, J.E. Black & Company Ltd. John Stapleton – MISWAA Research Dir., St. Christohper House Fellow Members Pedro Antunes - Dir., EconForecasting, Conference Board of Can. Keith Banting – Professor, Queen’s School of Policy Studies Pedro Barata – Outreach and Comm., The Atkinson Charitable Fdn. Harry Beatty – Harry Beatty Consulting Juana Berinstein - Past Policy Coordinator, Workers Action Centre Sarah Blackstock, Research & Policy Analyst, ISAC Dan Buchanan – Sigma-3 Policy Research Inc Janet Dassinger - Exec. Dir., Labour Education Centre Carol Deacon – Past Research & Policy Anlyst, ISAC Greg deGroot-Maggetti- Policy Analyst, Citizens for Public Justice Rick Eagan – Community Dev. Coord, St. Christopher House Maureen Fair – Dir., St. Chris. House Comm. Response and Advocacy Lydia Fitchko1 - Dir., Social Policy, Analysis & Research, City of Toronto Aaron Good – Case Team Leader, Bain & Company Shelly Gordon - CUPE Research John Greenwood - CEO, Social Research & Demonstration Corporation Dean Herd – University of TO School of Social Work, SANE Project Andrew Jackson – National Dir., Policy, The Canadian Labour Congress Alex Johnston1 - Special Assist. - Justice Policy, Office of the Premier Tom Klassen – Associate Professor and Coordinator of the Public Policy and Administration Program, Dept. of Political Science, York University Ernie Lightman – Prof., Univ. of Toronto School of Social Work, SANE Pamela Loprest – Senior Research Associate, The Urban Institute Susan MacDonnell, Dir. Of Research, United Way of Greater Toronto Gillian Manning – Vice President, TD Asset Management Alan Meisner1 - Snr. Policy Analyst, Social Dev. & Admin Div., Toronto Michael Mendelson – Senior Scholar, The Caledon Institute Andy Mitchell - Univ. of TO School of Social Work, SANE Project Liz Mulholland – Consultant, Mulholland Consulting Alain Noel – Professor, University of Montreal Michael Oliphant – Manager, Dept. of Public Education, Policy & Research, Daily Bread Food Bank Finn Poschmann – Assoc. Dir. of Research & Senior Policy Analyst, C.D. Howe Institute Barney Savage – Snr. Policy Advisor, United Way of Greater Toronto Ron Saunders – Dir, Work Network, Cdn Policy Research Networks Katherine Scott – VP Research, Cdn Council on Social Development Gilles Seguin - Webmaster, Canadiansocialresearch.net Richard Shillington – Principal, Tristat Resources Anita Srinivasan – Program Manager, Leadership Initiatives, Maytree Anne Tweddle- MISWAA Research Analyst Mary Webb – Senior Economist, Scotiabank Tom Zizys- Consultant, Downtown East Com. Development Collective Observers: Joe Manion, Dir. Social Services, Community and Neighbourhood Services, City of Toronto Stuart Sykes - Policy Research Officer, Policy Research Initiative Working Group Members Ex-officio members

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