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Cancer Awareness In the Community

Cancer Awareness In the Community. Our session at a glance. Aims and Objectives Purpose of the session The ‘C’ word – facts and figures Cancer incidence and Deprivation Cancer Awareness Measure Risks and Symptoms Common cancers – more detail Screening programmes Barriers

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Cancer Awareness In the Community

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  1. Cancer AwarenessIn the Community

  2. Our session at a glance • Aims and Objectives • Purpose of the session • The ‘C’ word – facts and figures • Cancer incidence and Deprivation • Cancer Awareness Measure • Risks and Symptoms • Common cancers – more detail • Screening programmes • Barriers • How you can use this knowledge • Follow up.

  3. Aims and Objectives • To provide key messages about cancer within the community • Understanding variables in cancer incidence and mortality • Understanding of most common risks and • Know the most common symptoms of cancer • Understanding of cancer screening programmes • Commitment to deliver brief interventions

  4. Brief Interventions • “Opportunistic contacts with people that focus on education and motivation : provide information and motivational encouragement.” • Empower people to recognise symptoms and to make an appointment with the GP • Encourage people to take up screening • You are in regular contact with high risk groups. • A brief chat – a life saving intervention?

  5. The ‘C’ Word What is Cancer? • Cancer is a disease that occurs when the cells of the body multiply in an uncontrolled manner creating a lump called a tumour. • Cancer is not a single disease with a single type of treatment. There are more than 200 different kinds of cancer, each with its own name and treatment • Early diagnosis can often make a difference to how easily cancer is managed/treated.

  6. Most cells reproduce themselves in the same way even though they are from different parts of the body. Cells are constantly becoming old and dying, and new cells are produced to replace them. Normally, cells divide in an orderly and controlled manner. If for some reason the process gets out of control the cells carry on dividing and develop into a lump called a tumour

  7. The ‘C’ Word How many people are diagnosed with cancer every year in Sheffield? • 1800 • 2500 • 3050 b) 2500

  8. The ‘C’ Word What are the 3 most common malignant cancers in Sheffield? • Lung breast prostate • Lung bowel prostate • Lung breast bowel c) Lung breast bowel

  9. The ‘C’ Word • What percentage of cancers are detected in the over 60s • 50% • 70% • 80% b) 70%

  10. The ‘C’ Word Which are the two main preventable risk factors? • Smoking and exercise • Smoking and diet • Smoking and alcohol b) Smoking and diet

  11. The ‘C’ Word Which one is not a possible symptom for cancer? • Lump • Weight loss • Unexplained pain • Fatigue All of them are possible symptoms

  12. The ‘C’ Word • Smoking is the main cause of lung cancer What is the number of non smokers who develop the disease. • 1 in 8 • 1 in12 • 1 in 15 a) 1 in 8

  13. The ‘C’ Word • What is the average return rate for the new Bowel Screening Programme in Sheffield • a) 81% • b) 66% • c) 51% • c) 51%

  14. The ‘C’ Word • How many people are diagnosed with Bowel Cancer in Sheffield every week • a) 3 • b) 5 • c) 8 • c) 8

  15. The ‘C’ Word • What is the risk for women to develop breast cancer in their lifetime? • a) 1:9 • b) 1:11 • c) 1: 13 a) 1: 9

  16. The ‘C’ Word • Using a sun bed once a month or more increases your risk of skin cancer by – • a) 15% • b) 30% • c) 50% • c) 50%

  17. The ‘C’ Word • The good news: • Many people feel that having cancer will automatically lead to death • Many types of cancer today are successfully treated • Increasing numbers of people in the UK are surviving cancer and leading a normal life

  18. Cancer Incidence in Sheffield

  19. Cancer incidence / mortality and deprivation • Incidence is generally correlated with positively with deprivation (exception melanoma, breast, ovary and kidney). • 20% of the most deprived population have about 60% higher rates of mortality than 20% of the least deprived. • Inequalities in cancer mortality are also caused by variation in awareness and timeliness of detection and intervention of treatment, care that is received and underlying health issues.

  20. Factors affecting cancer inequalities • Awareness and Late Presentation • Lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, diet, exercise, weight) • Environmental : work (diesel, dyes asbestos sun) • Status (Economic, Age, Disability, Gender, Ethnicity) • GP and Services (barriers, awareness, relationship)

  21. Awareness and Early Detection • Quality of cancer care in England has increased enormously in recent years • Survival rates in England are increasing but still lower than the best in Europe • Lack of awareness of symptoms & signs & unwillingness to seek treatment are major reasons • Department of Health launched the National Awareness & Early Diagnosis Initiative (NAEDI) in late 2008

  22. Cancer Awareness Measure • The Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM) is a validated set of questions designed to reliably assess cancer awareness • Developed to measure awareness levels within the population and population groups • Identify information gaps • Inform promotional campaigns • Used in Sheffield in March 2009, • telephone interviews with 3,000 residents

  23. Cancer Awareness Measureunprompted awareness in Sheffield Don’t Know: 27% Male 15% Female

  24. Cancer Awareness MeasureSheffield Data: How soon would you visit your GP?

  25. The C Word - Risks • Age, Predisposition, Gender, Preventable: • Smoking • Diet • Weight • Exercise • Alcohol • Sun Smart

  26. Risk Factors for Cancer – Unprompted AwarenessSheffield Data, March 2009

  27. The ‘C’ Word : Symptoms • An unusual lump or swelling anywhere on your body • A change in the size shape or colour of a mole • A sore that does not heal after several weeks • Mouth/tongue ulcer lasting more than 3 weeks • Cough/croaky voice lasting more than 3 weeks • Persistent difficulty swallowing or indigestion • Problems passing urine • Blood in urine • Blood in bowel motions • A change to more frequent and loose bowel motions 4-6 weeks • Unexplained weight loss/heavy night sweats • Unexplained pain /ache that lasts longer than 4 weeks

  28. Lung Cancer Facts • 2nd most common in UK - 38,000+ a year • 400 new cases per year in Sheffield • Globally is the most common cancer • 9 out of 10 diagnosed are smokers • But also: former, passive and non smokers • And lifetime work in heavy industry • No effective screening test • IF FOUND EARLY CAN OFTEN BE TREATED

  29. Lung Cancer Risk Factors • Smoking • Radon gas exposure • Industrial exposure (arsenic, diesel herbicides) • Air Pollution (nitrogen oxides – traffic fumes) • Physical exercise ? • Family History • Diet and supplements

  30. Lung Cancer Symptoms • New and persistent cough for more than 3 weeks • Blood flecks in Phlegm • Recently started feeling breathless • New chest of shoulder pain longer than 3 weeks • Unexplained loss of weight /appetite • Fatigue • Chest infection that doesn’t get better after antibiotics • Hoarseness/loss of voice but no sore throat.

  31. Bowel Cancer facts • Known also as rectal, colorectal or colon cancer • Affects 35,000 people: 18,000 die from bowel cancer (will increase with aging population) • Around 350 new cases per year in Sheffield • Will affect 1: 19 people. (85% cases in 60yo+) • If caught early - estimated 8 out of 10 will be cured. (In the last 30 years - survival rates have doubled due to better treatment & increased awareness) • Surgery is the primary intervention for colorectal cancer

  32. Bowel Cancer Risk Factors • Age • Family History • Predisposition • Diet (high fat meat / low fibre) • Obesity • Alcohol • Smoking • Non uptake of screening

  33. Bowel Cancer Symptoms • Symptoms lasting over 4-6 weeks • Persistent change in bowel habit • bleeding from rectum without obvious cause • Blood or mucus in stools • Abdominal pain or bloating • Unexplained weight loss/tiredness • Never feeling bowels have emptied Know what’s normal for you

  34. Breast Cancer Facts • Affects 1 in 9 women EVERY year (45,000+) • Approaching 400 new cases per year in Sheffield • Affects men as well (300 cases nationally) • 80% women diagnosed are age 50+ • Breast feeding reduces risk • National Screening programme

  35. Breast Cancer Risks • Age • Gender • Family History Possible risk factors: • Alcohol • Obesity • HRT • Contraceptive pill

  36. Breast Cancer Symptoms • Breast lump • Changes in shape/position of nipple • Ulcer or sore area or itchiness • Puckering or dimpling of the skin • Persistent pain in breast or armpit • Breast Awareness – know what is normal

  37. Prostate Cancer • Is the most common cancer in men • 35000 are diagnosed every year • Affects men mainly over 50 (increases with age • African Caribbean men are 3 times more likely to develop prostate cancer than white men. • Common prostate problems: enlarged prostate, inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis). • No routine screening programme • Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test?

  38. Prostate Cancer Symptoms • A weak or reduced urine flow • Needing to urinate more often (night-time) • Feeling that your bladder has not emptied properly • Difficulty starting to pass urine • Dribbling urine. • Needing to rush to the toilet. • Pain (when urinating, ejaculating or in testicles is less common).

  39. Skin Cancer • Quick quiz

  40. Skin Cancer • 100 000+ cases of non melanoma skin cancer • 9500 cases of Melanoma Skin Cancer • Risks: over exposure to the suns UV rays • Fair skin (types 1 and 2) • Sun Bed usage – (<18yo) • Symptoms: change in appearance/feel of a mole • Also changes in skin - thickening, hardness.

  41. Skin Cancer • BE SUN AWARE – REDUCE YOUR RISKS • Avoid getting sunburnt • Spend time in shade • Cover up with t-shirt//sung • use sun cream factor 15 broad spectrum • Take extra care with children • Avoid sun beds • Report moles/skin changes to your GP

  42. Screening Programmes • Testing large population groups for signs of cancer • Can detect abnormal cell changes at an early stage, even before cancer has developed • Current programmes: Bowel, Breast Cervical • Different intervals/age groups/gender • Body Awareness is still important!

  43. Screening Statistics in Tinsley Cervical Screening 71.6% (Sheffield - 79.7%) Breast Screening : 70.4% (Sheffield 72.3%) (and 37.4% in 65yo+ ) Bowel Cancer Screening 42.4% (Sheffield – 54.4%) • (Tinsley Surgery)

  44. Screening Statistics in Darnall Cervical Screening 64.8% (Sheffield - 79.7%) (city wide: declining in 25-19 age group) Breast Screening : 67% (Sheffield 72.3%) (but 22.6% in 65yo+ ) Bowel Cancer Screening 40.4% (Sheffield – 54.4%) • (Darnall Community Health)

  45. Bowel cancer screening • New programme, began in 2008 in Sheffield • Currently targets men and women aged 60-74 • Older people can opt into the programme • Home testing kit posted every 2 years for home completion & return by post • Abnormal results (ie. Blood in stool) followed up by specialist nurse. • Big variation in uptake across Sheffield: eg 26% in Woodside (Pitsmoor), 69% Bents Green

  46. Bowel - Home screening test Guaiac FOBt testing kit Patient applies sample Positive Spots

  47. A Polyp is an abnormal growth of the tissue lining of the colon wall. It may be slightly raised, like a wart or look like a grape on a stalk. Polyps are not always cancerous but if left have the potential to develop into cancer. They can also bleed intermittently when faeces are pushed along the bowel (colon) past them. Polyps

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