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Reconstruction of occlusal plane orientation using Camper’s line as reference

B. A. B. Reconstruction of occlusal plane orientation using Camper’s line as reference. Čelebić Asja, Petričević N ikola, Guberina Marko , Bau č i ć Ivo , Stipetić Jasmina School of dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.

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Reconstruction of occlusal plane orientation using Camper’s line as reference

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  1. B A B Reconstruction of occlusal plane orientation using Camper’s line as reference Čelebić Asja, Petričević Nikola, Guberina Marko, Baučić Ivo, Stipetić Jasmina School of dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia Introduction: The position of occlusal plane should be as close as possible to the position which was previously occupied by the occlusal plane of the natural teeth (1,2). Once, when the occlusal plane orientation is lost by complete or partial edentulism, it should be relocated correctly by means of a prosthodontic restoration. Over the last century investigators have used various methods and advocated many anatomical landmarks to aid in correct occlusal plane orientation and position (1-13), nevertheless, none of them being completely accurate and satisfactory. Most textbooks on removable prosthodontics advocate that occlusal plane should be parallel to Camper’s line.s Aim of the study: To check the accuracy of using the parallelism with Camper’s plane for establishing level and inclination of occlusal plane in a clinical practice. Materials and methods: Fifty seven dental students with complete natural dentition and Angle Class I participated. Left profile of ten participants with a subject in a natural head position and clenching on a Fox plane and a quick mounting face bow mounted, were photographed from a distance of 1.5 m (Figure 1A). Irreversibile hydrocolloid impressions were made, casts were poured in a hard stone and mounted in a S.A.M. 2P articulator (Figure 1B). An inclination between a Fox plane and a Face-bow plane was measured on the photographs, as well as an inclination between occlusal plane on the mounted casts and the articulator’s horizontal plane. There was no significant difference between the angles: Fox plane : quick-mounting face bow (FP-FB) and occlusal plane : articulator’s horizontal plane (OP-AHP) (P>.05) of the same individuals, so this method was considered reliable. To assess the inclination between the Fox plane and the Camper’s plane the angle between them was measured in all 57 profile digital photographs using ISSA software (Vams, Zagreb) (Figure 2). To test the significance of the difference bertween them, statistical analysis was made (descriptives, one sample t-test). Test value was zero in the one-sample t test, since the Camper’s plane and occlusal (Fox) plane have been supposed to be parallel. Figure 1. A: Subject clenching a Fox plane and having a quick-mounting face bow positioned (left profile); 1B: Casts in S.A.M. 2P articulator Results: Mean difference between Fox plane and Camper plane was: x = - 4.1 degrees, SD = 5.6 degrees. The range of inclination between the 2 planes varied from – 15 to + 10.5 degrees. The angle between the Fox plane and the Camper’s plane was significantly different from zero (no parallelism) for both gender (Males: t = -7.9, df = 18, P<.01; Females: t = -2.35, d.f. = 37; P=0.024). Figure 2. Discussion:It is considered that occlusal plane (FoxP) and Camper’s plane should be parallel, since the most textbooks on prosthodontics advocate this method for establishing the inclination of occlusal plane posteriorly. According to the results of this study, the difference between CP and FoxP was 4.1 degrees and one-sample t test showed that the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01, Table 1). However, the intersubjects variability (standard deviation) was also high. This is in accordance with some other authors (4,12-14). The results suggest that the CP is not a reliable landmark for establishing the occlusal plane posteriorly, because of the statistically significant divergence between CP and FoxP. Koller et al. (15) reported no parallelism between occlusal plane on new dentures and Camper’s plane. Nissan also found no correlation between the two planes after cephalometric analysis of complete denture wearers (4), as well as Karkazis and Polyzois (10, 16), who concluded that both the natural and artificial occlusal planes were not parallel to Camper's plane. Photographic evaluation of craniofacial characteristics has been already profitably utilized in orthodontics and other fields in dentistry and showed to be acceptably reproducible in earlier studies (14, 17-20). According to the results of this study, occlusal plane established to be parallel to Camper’s plane would be too high posteriorly on mandibular dentures, which would cause problems with denture stability and food accumulation in buccal sulci. 1. Carey PD. Occlusal plane orientation and masticatory performance of complete dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1978;39:368-71. 2. Alfano SG, Leupold RJ. Using the neutral zone to obtain maxillomandibular relationship records for complete denture patients. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:621-3. 3. Čelebić A, Valentić-Peruzović M, Kraljević K, Brkić H. A study of the occlusal plane orientation by intra-oral method (retromolar pad). J Oral Rehabilit 1995;22:233-6. 4. Nissan J, Barnea E, Zeltzer C, Cardash HS. Relationship between occlusal plane determinants and craniofacial structures. J Oral Rehabilit 2003;30:587-591. 5. Williams DR. Occlusal plane orientation in complete denture construction. J Dent 1982;10:311-6. 6. Monteith, B.D. A cephalometric method to determine the angulation of the occlusal plane in edentulous patients. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 54: 81-87 7. Foley PF, Latta GH. A study of the parotid papilla relative to the occlusal plane. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 53: 124-126. 8. Guillen GE, Staffanou RS. Occlusal plane modification of an existing maxillary complete denture prior to removable partial denture construction: a case report. Quintessence Int 1991;22:543-6. 9. Van Niekerk, FW, Miller VJ, Bibby RE. The ala-tragus line in complete denture prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 53: 67-69. 10. Karkazis HC, Polyzois GL. Cephalometrically predicted occlusal plane: Implications in removable prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent 1991;65: 258-264. 11. Rich H. Evaluation and registration of the H.I.P. plane of occlusion. Austral Dent J1982; 27: 162-8. 12. Sloane RH, Cook J. A guide to orientation of the occlusal plane. J Prosthet Dent 1953; 3: 53. 13. Čelebić A, Brkić H, Kaić Z, Vojvodić D, Poje Z, Singer Z. Occlusal plane Orientation in Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY males). J Oral Rehabilit 1997; 24: 942-946 14. Ciancaglini R, Colombo-Bolla G, Gherlone EF, Radelli G. Orientation of craniofacial planes and temporomandibular disorder in young adults with normal occlusion. J Oral Rehabilit 2003; 30: 878-886. 15. Koller MM, Merlini L, Spandre G, Palla S. A comparative study of two methods for the orientation of the occlusal plane and the determination of the vertical dimension of occlusion in edentulous patients. J Oral Rehabilit 1992;19:413-25. 15. Karkazis HC, Polyzois GL. A study of the occlusal plane orientation in complete denture construction. J Oral Rehabilit 1987;14:399-404. 17. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Miani A, Tartaglia G. Craniofacial morphometry by photographic evaluations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1993; 103: 327-37. 18. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Germano D, Dalloca LL, Miani A. Head posture and cephalometric analyses: an integrated photographic / radiographic technique. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994 106, 257-64. 19. Chiu CS, Clark RK. Reproducibility of natural head position. J Dent 1991; 19: 130-1. 20. Čelebić A, Stipetić J, Nola P, Petričević N, Papić M. Use of digital photographs for artificial tooth selection. Coll Antropol 2004; 28: 857-863. References:

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