Migrant Health Facts

1. Migrant Health Facts Alberto Moreno, MSW Migrant Health Coordinator Department of Human Services

2. How are the issues faced by Migrant Workers relevant to me? “Eating is an agricultural act.” -Wendell Berry, Writer and Farmer

3. Latinos in the US • There are 37 million Latinos in the US • 21 million of these are of Mexican origin According to the California Policy Research Center, University of California, 2003

4. Latinos in the US • Represent $580 billion in buying power- 2002 US Census and Selig Center for Economic Growth at the University of Georgia

5. Latinos in the US • Undocumented workers generate goods and services worth more than $120 billion a year in the US -2002 US Census and Selig Center for Economic Growth at the University of Georgia

6. Latinos in the US • Documented and Undocumented Mexican Immigrants pay $25 – 30 billion in taxes each year. -California Policy Research Center, University of California, 2003

7. Latinos in the U.S. • Although Latinos clearly make substantial contributions to the US economy, this highly productive community has some of the worst health outcomes. For example:

8. Latinos in the U.S. • 1.2 Million Mexicans in the US have been diagnosed with diabetes • Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among Latinos nationwide -California Policy Research Center, University of California, 2003

9. Latinos in the U.S. • Despite high levels of employment, nearly 60% of Latinos live in families with incomes below 200% of the poverty level, compared to 23% of whites -California Policy Research Center, University of California, 2003

10. Migrant Workers in U.S. • In the United States, 70% of the agricultural-worker population does not have health insurance National Center for Farmworker Health. 1999(www.ncfh.org)

11. Migrant Workers in U.S. • 81% of all farmworkers in 1997 were foreign-born • 77% of all farmworkers were Mexican-born • 61% had incomes below the poverty level • Median income of individual farmworkers has remained less than 7,500 per year National Agricultural Workers Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, March 2000

12. Migrant Farmworkers in U.S. • Five out of six Farmworkers spoke Spanish (84%) • Farmworkers had on average completed six years of education • Just one tenth of foreign born Farmworkers spoke or read English Fluently -National Agricultural Workers Survey, Department of Labor 1997

13. Migrant Farmworkers in U.S. • Less than 5% of Mexican-born and other Latin-American born Farmworkers reported they could read and speak English well • 52% of hired Farmworkers lacked work authorization (making them weary of seeking out state sponsored services) • Just 5% reported being covered by employer provided health insurance -National Agricultural Workers Survey, Department of Labor 1997

14. Migrant Farmworkers in U.S. • Commonly reported health problems among Migrant Farmworkers and their children include: lower height and weight, respiratory disease, parasitic conditions, skin infection, chronic diarrhea, vitamin A deficiency, accidental injury, heat-related illness, and chemical poisoning -Reducing Pesticide Exposure in Minority Families, OHSU

15. Migrant Farmworkers in U.S. • Most incidents of pesticide poisoning go unreported as they are mistaken for flu or because workers may fear losing their jobs if they report.

16. Migrant Farmworkers in U.S. United Farmworkers estimates that approximately 800,000 children under the age of 18 work in agriculture in the US

17. Migrant Farmworkers in U.S. According to the General Accounting Office (1992) farm work is the most dangerous occupation in the US

18. Migrant Farmworkers in U.S. • Farmworkers’ dental health is that of a third world population -League of Women Voters, Farmworkers in Oregon Report, Fall 2000

19. Migrant Workers in U.S. • 100,000 Children are injured and 100 are killed in farm work yearly -National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

20. Migrant Farmworkers in U.S. • The life expectancy of Migrant Farmworkers is 49 years compared to the national average of 73 -Center for Disease Control, 1998

21. The Health of Agriculture in Oregon • In 1998, 894,386 cases of wine were sold. In 1999 17,000 metric tons of wine grapes were produced, worth over $23 million -Oregon USDA Statistics, 1998

22. The Health of Agriculture in Oregon • In 1998 Oregon’s nursery and greenhouse industries totaled $532 million in sales. This marks the 8th consecutive year of record sales -Oregon USDA Statistics, 1998

23. The Health of Agriculture in Oregon • Total Oregon production value of vegetables, fruits, and nuts in 1999 was over $569 million, the 5th highest in the US -Oregon USDA Statistics, 1998

24. The Health of Agriculture in Oregon • Oregon, however, tips the nation in prevalence of hunger and was tied for 4th worst nationally, in ranking for food insecurity -2000 Oregon Food Bank

25. Migrant Workers in Oregon: According to the Oregon Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Enumeration Profiles Study completed by Alice Larson, Ph.D., September, 2002:

26. Migrant Workers in Oregon • The Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker population is estimated at 174,484. This number includes workers and their dependents

27. Migrant Workers in Oregon • There are 14,588 Migrant Children and Youth • There are 44,905 Seasonal Children and youth

28. Migrant Workers in Oregon • In Oregon, Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers are integral to creating over $3 billion of annual agricultural economic activity -1999 Oregon USDA

29. The Health of Migrant Workers in Oregon • According to a “Farmworkers in Oregon 2000 Report” published by the League of Women Voters: • More than 40% of all Farmworkers who visit health clinics have multiple and complex health problems. Because of limited access to health care, Farmworkers often are seen only when their health problems are at an advanced stage.

30. The Health of Migrant Workers in Oregon • Young (2/3 are under age 35) • 80% Male • Hispanic (90% Hispanic, mostly from Mexico) • Low income (half of the workers earned less than $7,500 a year) -League of Women voters in Oregon report, Fall 2000

31. The Health of Migrant Workers in Oregon Obtaining regular prenatal care for Migrant mothers is difficult and many pregnancies are high risk -Oregon CD Summary, Health Issue Among Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers,1999

32. The Health of Migrant Workers in Oregon • Oregon currently does not offer prenatal care to undocumented women. Washington and California do. • The infant mortality rate among Migrant Workers is 25% higher than the general population(Reducing Pesticide Exposure in Minority Families, OHSU, 2003)

33. The Health of Migrant Workers in Oregon • Migrant Farmworkers are among the most disadvantaged, medically indigent persons and have the poorest health of any group in the US -Reducing Pesticide Exposure in Minority Families, OHSU

34. Daniel Rothenberg reminds us: “The apparent invisibility of production is a form of social forgetting, a politics of glossing over the real social and economic relations that allow for our high standard of living. Considering the world of farm laborers presents a powerful corrective to a society easily enamored with its own self-serving myths. Still, it is Americans’ deep rooted desire to believe in equality and the march of progress that makes farmworkers’ situation so poignant, creating a discomfort born of our country’s failure to live up to its own ideals.”