A World of Change

1. A World of Change The West Between the Wars Chapter 9 Section 1 CA Standards 10.6.1, 10.6.2, 10.6.3, 10.6.8 Section 2 CA Standards 10.6.3, 10.7.1, 10.7.2, 10.7.3 Section 3 CA Standards 10.7.3, 10.8.5

2. After the Great War(After World War I)Section 1 • Treaty of Versailles • Created League of Nations • Weak due to United States not joining • Demanded Germany Pay Allied Forces for damages • France demanded that Germany pay them 132 billion marks = 33 billion U.S. Dollars

3. Money Troubles • France demanded money from Germany • Germany did not have the money • France took over the Ruhr Valley, which had mines and industry, as supplemental payment • Germany started to print money to pay France • This caused inflation Money Does not grow on trees, so Germany just printed money instead

4. Money Troubles ContinuedRate of Inflation

5. Women would burn money because it was cheaper than firewood • Children would play with money like it was a toy -It would cost thousands of marks to mail a letter • People would be paid three times a day and carry money in trunks or barrels

6. Solution to the Problem • Dawes Plan • America loaned Germany money to pay France • $200 million loaned to Germany • The Treaty of Locarno • Guaranteed Germany’s new western boarders

7. Problems to the Solution • Circular Borrowing 1 4 3 2 1 - US to Germany 2 - Germany to France 3 - France to England 4 - England to US

8. The Cycle is Broken • The Stock Market Crash (1929) • Leads to Great Depression in United States • Leads to World Wide Depression • Effects of Depression • Government Involvement • Renewed interest in Marxist doctrines and Communism • Lead people to follow Political Leaders with simple solutions = Dictatorship = Fascism

9. The Rise of Dictatorial RegimesSection 2 • Fascism: a system of government that stresses nationalism and places interest of the state above the individual • Characteristics of Fascism • Dictatorial, one party rule • Individual rights denied • Supremacy of the state • Fervent nationalism • Scapegoating

10. Fascist Party in Italy • Lead by Benito Mussolini • Kind of totalitarian state • Definition: Government that aims to control the political, economical, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens • Lead by Single Leader and Single Political Party • Mussolini Aligns with Adolf Hitler

11. Fascism in Russia • Lead by Joseph Stalin • Created a Communist Party • Stalin arranged for millions of people to be killed if they opposed the government (The Great Purges) • An era of economic, social, and political revolutions • Five Year Plan • Focus on economy • Government took control of farms (collectivization) • Government took control of armaments • Government took control of capital goods

12. Fascism in Spain • Lead by Francisco Franco • Spanish Military revolted against Government • Caused Civil War • Assisted by Hitler and Mussolini • Franco’s dictatorship is an authoritarian regime

13. Hitler and Nazi GermanySection 3 • Nazi Party emerged after WWI • German Workers’ Party  National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) • Hitler organized Beer Hall Putsch • Revolt against the government • Hitler was arrested, put into jail • wrote Mein Kampf(My Struggle) while in jail • Hitler becomes Chancellor legally • He was VOTED into office

14. Change in Germany • Economic Change • Public work projects and grants to recover from Depression • Government Control of Public Institutions • Churches and all types of schools were under government control and told to support Hitler

15. Changes in Germany Continued • Anti-Semitic Policies • Hatred towards Jews • Not defined by religion, but by ethnicity • Nuremberg Laws  excluded Jews from German citizenship • Jew was defined if you had a Jewish grandparent • Marriage between Germans and Jews was forbidden • Jews required to wear a yellow star and identification cards

16. Kristallnacht • Kristallnacht = “Night of Shattered Glass” • Destruction against Jews by Nazi Germans • November 9, 1938 • Nazis burned Synagogues (Jewish places of worship) • Nazis destroyed at least 7,000 businesses • At least 100 Jews were killed • 30,000 male Jews were taken to concentration camps

17. World War IIPaths to War Chapter 11 Section 1 CA Standards 10.7.3, 10.8, 10.8.1, 10.8.2

18. Paths to WarSection 1Country Aggression • Japan invades Manchuria in 1931 • Nanjing “raped” in 1937 • Mussolini invades Ethiopia • Denounced by the League of Nations • Hitler rebuilds German army to 600,000 • Condemned by League of Nations • Against agreement of Treaty of Versailles • Franco’s Civil War in Spain

19. Germany (Hitler’s) Demands • Austria • Anschluss proposed by Hitler • Rhineland • DMZ Buffer Zone near France • Sudetenland • Czech. border with Germany

20. Policies of the WestHitler is Unchecked • Fascists get more aggressive • Europe drifts towards war • Attitudes of other countries • U.S.  Isolation • Great Depression • WWI just ended and did not want to enter another war • England and France Appeasement • Munich Conference • Economic depression • Did not want another war • Easier to look away from activities in Europe

21. Hitler’s Deal with Stalin • Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact • Prevents Germany from a two-front war

22. “Give a Man an Inch” • Hitler is never satisfied, he always wants more • Hitler controls: • The rest of Czechoslovakia (1938) • Demands Danzig, Poland • United Kingdom and France promise to support Poland if Hitler invades • Hitler invades on 9 - 1 – 1939 causing England and France to FINALLY declare war on Germany • World War II begins