Incident Response System Training for Jammu & Kashmir State

1. National Disaster Management AuthorityTraining on “Incident Response System”for the State of Jammu & Kashmir 27-28 July 2017[Brigadier Kuldip Singh (retd)]

2. Reference Material • Assuming this august audience is well familiar:- • Disaster Management (DM) - 2005. • National Disaster Management Plan – 2016.

3. Why So Much Effort? Because - Disaster Management A POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY & IMPERATIVE • Aspirations and expectation of People Risen:. • Media Proliferation. • Increased Awareness. • Disasters : casualties; personal loss including economic; deprived of amenities / facilities. • People angry after a disaster. In No Other Circumstance Does An Electorate Judge & Punish / Reward an Elected Leader’s Performance and Interest In The Electorate’s Material Interest and Welfare as In The Wake Of a Disaster. Need for Prompt And Positive Action In A Post-disaster Zone

4. OUTCOME -Disaster Management Act 2005: defining year for India in DM - DM Act 2005 passed- Paradigm Shift From Earlier Relief-centric Approach To DM:- • Act laid down Institutional and Coordination Mechanism for DM at the National, State, District and Local Levels. • Cleared Setting Up Of: • NDMA • National Institute Of Disaster Management (NIDM); • National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). • Created a multi-tiered Institutional System consisting Of:- • NDMA – ex-officio Chairperson - Hon’ble Prime Minister. • National Executive Committee (NEC) to assist NDMA. • State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMA) - headed by respective Chief Ministers. • State Executive Committee. • District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMA) - headed by District Collectors, co-chaired by Chairpersons Local Bodies.

5. OUTCOME -Disaster Management Act • Mandated that every District prepare a DM plan. • Stipulated setting up of various funds. • Laid out offences and penalties. • Empowered the Central Govt to issue directions to Central ministries, departments and States.

6. Talking About Disaster. How is it defined??

7. Need to differentiate betweenEmergency, Crisis and Disaster Emergency – defined as: “a serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment, and requires immediate action.” Requires immediate action – emergency brake! Crisis: Defined as “Crisis is an emerging situation which can be controlled moderated and neutralised before it goes out of control and becomes a serious embarrassment to the Govt or the Nation”. Disaster:Defined (DM Act-2005) as “a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area arising from natural or manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment and is of such nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.” Both require a slightly different response and method of handling at Central , State and District levels. .

8. Responsibilities : Crisis & Disaster Management NCMC: National Crisis Management Committee. CMG: Crisis Management Group. SCMC:State Crisis Management Committee. SDMA: State Disaster Management Authority. NEC: National Executive Committee.

9. CRISIS TO BE DEALT WITH BY EXTANT MECHANISM • Terrorism (Counter-Insurgency). • Law and Order Situation. • Serial Bomb Blasts. • Hijacking. • Air accidents. • Weapon-originated Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN). • Mine Disasters. • Ports and Harbour Emergencies. • Forest Fires. • Oil Field Fires. • Oil Spills. All Cross Cutting Themes will be handled by the NDMA.

10. Types of Disasters (as per NDMP-2016)

11. Key National-Level Disaster Management Apparatus

12. IMPACT OF DISASTERS

13. Impact Of Disasters Impact of natural disasters far more devastating in a more populous and developed world. Impinge on Sustainable Development Goals. As per the Jan 2016 report by United Nations’ International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), disasters between 2005 and 2014 inflicted:- • damage of US$ 1.4 trillion; • affected ~ 1.7 billion people; • killed ~ 0.7 million people. Report lists India fourth in the list of countries with most disasters (China; the US; followed by the Philippines). 2015 statistics: • 346 reported disasters, 152 in Asia; • 98.6 mn affected; 22,773 dead; • US$ 66.5 bn economic damage.

14. India and Disasters Indian subcontinent among the world’s most disaster-prone areas. March 2016 report by U.K.-based risk-analysis & research company ‘Verisk Maplecroft’: “India a “high-risk” country.” Company’s research concluded:- • 82 % of India’s population (or about 1.02 billion people) exposed to natural hazards • Compared with 677 million, or 50 % of the population in China.

15. WHY INDIA SO DISASTER PRONE ? • ~ 85 % area, i.e. ~ 22 out of its 29 States and 07 Union Territories (Uts), vulnerable to one or more type of hazard. • ~ 59 % of landmass prone to earthquakes (High Seismic Zones III to V). • 12 % prone to floods and river erosion. • 68 % of coastline (out of 7,516 kms) prone to cyclones & tsunamis. • Hilly and mountainous regions susceptible to landslides/mudslides and avalanches.

16. Hazard Maps

18. India - Seismicity 28

19. ACTIVE FAULTS IN INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT

21. Flood Vulnerability

22. Wind & Cyclone Vulnerability

23. LEVELS OF DISASTERS

24. Levels of Disasters Levels of Disasters (as per NDMP-2016): In 2001, High Power Committee On DM, cognizing vulnerability of disaster-affected area and capacity to deal with the situation, categorized disaster situations into: Level-L1:Level Of Disaster That Can Be Managed Within The Capabilities And Resources At The District Level. State Authorities Should Be Ready To Provide Assistance If Needed. Level-L2:A Disaster Situations That Require Assistance And Active Mobilization Of Resources At The State Level And Deployment Of State Level Agencies For DM. Level-L3:A Nearly Catastrophic Situation Or A Very Large-scale Disaster That Overwhelms The Capacity Of The District And State.

25. DISASTER VULNERABILITYSTATE OF JAMMU & KASHMIR

26. Jammu & Kashmir – Profile Geographical area: 2,22,236 sq. km (06.93% of total area of the Indian territory; includes 78,114 sq. km under illegal occupation of Pakistan and 5180 sq. km illegally handed over by Pakistan to China and 37,555 sq. km under illegal occupation of China in Ladakh). Ladakh covers about 70% of the total area of the state, Jammu - 19% and the Valley of Kashmir - remaining 11%.

27. Jammu & Kashmir – Profile • Morphologically, State divided into three distinct regions:- • Outer hill division (a.k.a. Kandi): from plains in south to Pir-Panjal range in the north. Rugged topography; scanty rainfall. Average altitude southern side ~ 369 m; northern part ~ 1385 m. Chenab- main drainage. • Jhelum valley division: ~ Kulu, central Himalayas bifurcate into two - Zanaskar range going NW; Dhauleder range going SW. Kashmir valley in between. • Indus valley division: northern part - extensive mountainous territory of Ladakh or valley of Indus. From Zanaskar in south to Karakoram, Nunkun and Nanga Parbat in north, Average altitude ~ 3692 m.

28. Jammu & Kashmir – Profile • Kashmir richly endowed by forests; studied in two zones: • Sub-Himalayan: foot-hills to 5,000 ft. • Himalayan: upto 11,000 ft.

29. Jammu & Kashmir – Profile

30. Jammu & Kashmir – Disaster Risk Profile • The state is a multi hazard • prone region with natural disasters like earthquakes, floods , landslides, avalanches, high velocity • winds, snow storms, besides manmade disasters including road accidents and fires etc. occurring • in various parts of the state.

31. Jammu & Kashmir – Disaster Risk Profile

32. Jammu & Kashmir – Disaster Risk Profile

33. J&K – District-wise Seismic Zones

34. J&K – District-wise Landslide Zones

35. Observations • EOC. • SDMP, DDMP. • Disaster Information Flow Protocol. • IRS. • IRTs.

36. DM RESPONSE SYSTEMRESPONSIBILITY OF STATES& CENTRAL ASSISTANCE

37. Responsibility of States & Central Assistance DM Primary Responsibility Of State Governments. However: • Catastrophic Disasters- Large Number Of Casualties; Tremendous Damage On Property And Infrastructure; Often Trans-State. • Response / Preventive Measures InOther States. • Central Govt: • Supplements Efforts Of States/UTs Through Logistic & Financial Support As Requested By State Govts. • GoIEstablished Flexible Response Mechanism For Prompt And Effective Delivery Of Essential Services As Well As Resources.

38. Central Agencies Tasked for NaturalHazard Specific Early Warning

39. Nodal Ministries : Management/Mitigation of Different Disasters

40. NDRF

41. 12 x NDRF - Bns & Permanent Teams/Coy Locations 7thBnBhatinda Kangra Srinagar Punchkula* 11thBn Varanasi 1. Varanasi / Gorakhpur* 2. Lucknow 3. Bhopal * 1stBn Guwahati 1. Aizawl 2. Agartala 2 9thBn Patna Supaul Ranchi * 1 8thBn Ghaziabad 1. Delhi 2. Dehradun 3. R K Puram* 2 1 1 1 12thBnDoimukh Itanagar 1 3 2 1 2 2 6thBnVadodara 1.Gandhinagar 2. Nareli (Raj.) 1 1 3 2 1 2ndBnHaringhata 1. Kolkata 2. Siliguri 3. Gangtok 1 1 5thBnPune Mumbai 1 3rdBnMundali Balasore 2 1 10thBn Guntur 1. Hyderabad 2.Vishakhapatanam 3 Banglore 3 4thBn Arakkonam 1. Chennai 2. Portblair 3. Ernakulum/Trissure* 1 NDRF Bns Team Locations

42. STATE LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

43. State Level Institutional Framework DM Act 2005: Mandates Each State:- • Shall Have Its Own Institutional Framework For DM. • Develop Detailed DM Plans At State, District, Towns And Blocks (Taluka) Levels. • Each State / UT to have SDMA, DDMAs • Establish:- • State Disaster Response Fund. • State Disaster Mitigation Fund. • District Disaster Response Fund. • District Disaster Mitigation Fund.

44. State Level Institutional Framework State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA): • Hon’ble Chief Minister – Chairperson, ex-officio. • Lay Down Policies & Plans For DM In Accordance With The Guidelines Laid Down By The NDMA. • Coordinate Implementation Of State Plan. • Recommend Provision Of Funds For Mitigation And Preparedness Measures. • Review Developmental Plans Of Different Departments Of The State To Ensure Integration Of Prevention, Preparedness And Mitigation Measures.

45. State Level Institutional Framework State Executive Committee: • State Government to constitute a SEC:- • Headed by the Chief Secretary (CS). • Task:- • Assist SDMA in the performance of functions. • Coordinate & Monitor Implementation Of The National Policy, National Plan And State Plan. • Provide Information To The NDMA Relating To Different Aspects Of DM.

46. State Level Institutional Framework District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA): • As Per DM Act - Established In Every District. • Headed By The District Collector / Deputy Commissioner / District Magistrate, With The Elected Representative Of The Local Authority As The Co-chairperson. • Chairperson plus maximum seven other members.

47. State Level Institutional Framework District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA): Mandate:- • Ensure Guidelines For Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, And Response Measures Laid Down By The NDMA and the SDMA Are Followed. • Act As Planning, Coordinating And Implementing Body For DM at The District Level. • Take Measures For The Purposes Of DM In Accordance With The Guidelines Laid Down By The NDMA and SDMA. • Prepare DM Plan For The District. • Monitor The Implementation Of Relevant National, State, And District Policies And Plans.

48. State Level Institutional Framework State Disaster Response Force (NDRF): • States Encouraged To Create Response Capabilities From Within Their Existing Resources. • Should Include Women Members For Looking After The Needs Of Women And Children. Training: States/UTs Also Encouraged To Include DM Training In The Basic And In-service Courses Of Their Respective ATIs, Police Training Colleges.

49. State Level Institutional Framework Local Authorities: • Include Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, District And Cantonment Boards And Town Planning Authorities Which Control And Manage Civic Services. • Will Prepare DM Plans In Consonance With The Guidelines Of NDMA, SDMAs And DDMAs; Ensure Capacity Building Of Their Officers And Employees For Managing Disasters, Carry Out Relief, Rehabilitation And Reconstruction Activities In The Affected Areas.

50. STATUS - SDRFs • Only 22 States notified SDRF so far. • Lack of equipment for training and operations. • Frequent change of trained manpower • Notified SDRF – use only disaster response - not for normal law and order duties. • Some elements of SDRF in each state should also be trained in CBRN to deal with CBRN emergencies. • Training of SDRF – by NDRF.