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Dates and Times

Dates and Times. SAS Date, Time and Date-Time Formats. Date Storage. SAS stores Dates, Times and Date-Time values differently. Datetime: seconds between January 1, 1960 and an hour/minute/second within a specified date Time: seconds since midnight of the current day

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Dates and Times

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  1. Dates and Times SAS Date, Time and Date-Time Formats

  2. Date Storage SAS stores Dates, Times and Date-Time values differently. • Datetime: seconds between January 1, 1960 and an hour/minute/second within a specified date • Time: seconds since midnight of the current day • Date: days between January 1, 1960, and a specified date

  3. Functions Functions that extract dates and times from datetime variables • DATEPART(variable): extracts the date from a SAS datetime value • TIMEPART(variable): extracts the time from a SAS datetime value

  4. Creating datetime variables Functions can convert numeric values to datetime values • MDY(month,day,year) gives a date value • birthday=mdy(8,27,90); • HMS(hour,minute,second) • hrid=hms(12,45,10);

  5. Current Dates and Times The following functions extract current values • DATETIME() • DATE() • TIME() • These functions have no arguments

  6. Parts of date Values • Return numeric values from date values • DAY(date) • MONTH(date) • YEAR(date) • WEEKDAY(date) • QTR(date)

  7. Parts of time or datetime values • HOUR(<time | datetime>) • MINUTE(<time | datetime>) • SECOND(<time | datetime>)

  8. PUT and INPUT functions • PUT(source, format.) creates a character value • Source can be any format • Format must be the same type as the source • INPUT(source, <? | ??>informat.) creates a value based on the informat • Source is a character expression • ? or ?? suppress error messages in the log • Informat you want to apply

  9. Examples • Character to numeric • Sale= INPUT(‘2,115,353’,comma9.) • Converting to character Data Test; dateval= put(123456,mmddyy8.); put dateval; run; Produces 01/04/98 in the SAS log

  10. Formats and Informats • Formats describe the way variables are written • Always contain a period • Start with a $ if the variable being modified is character, not otherwise • Informats describe the way variables are read • Always contain a period • Start with a $ if the variable is to be stored as character • Formats and informats generally have the same syntax • most formats are also informats and vice-versa

  11. Useful datetime formats • DATEw. writes date values in the form ddmmmyy or ddmmmyyyy • DATETIMEw.d writes datetime values in the form ddmmmyy:hh:mm:ss.ss • Note: what is printed depends on the w value • DOWNAMEw. writes date values as the name of the day of the week • WORDDATEw. writes date values in words • Etc. There are many more useful formats.

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