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The Books of Poetry

Old Testament. The Books of Poetry. Problem. God as…. Man as…. Job. Sovereign. On his face before God. Book. Psalms. Prayer & Worship. Holy. Before the throne of God. Proverbs. Conduct. All-wise. Receiving instruction. Pain & suffering. Ecclesiastes. Meaning & significance.

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The Books of Poetry

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  1. Old Testament The Books of Poetry

  2. Problem God as… Man as… Job Sovereign On his face before God Book Psalms Prayer & Worship Holy Before the throne of God Proverbs Conduct All-wise Receiving instruction Pain & suffering Ecclesiastes Meaning & significance Creator Under the sun Song of Solomon Love Lover of His people In a love relationship

  3. Wisdom Literature Poetic Literature Job Proverbs Ecclesiastes Psalms Song of Solomon

  4. Wisdom Literature Narrator is viewed as the wise voice of experience Poetic Literature Touch the heart Touch the mind Narrator is viewed as a normal man Focus on human emotion Focus on wisdom Love for God and for others Living before God and with others

  5. Job The Book of Suffering

  6. Setting for the Story Uz

  7. The Story • The Heavenly Challenge • Job’s Calamities • Satan’s Second Accusation • Job’s Continuing Endurance • Job’s Three Friends

  8. The Cast of Characters • Job • Mrs. Job • God • Satan • Three Friends • Eliphaz • Bildad • Zophar • Elihu

  9. Overview of the Book of Job Chapters 3-31 Chapters 33-37 Chapters 38-41 Chapter 42 Chapters 1-2 Job’s three friends Elihu’s speeches God speaks Historical epilogue: Job Restored Dialogue & Discourse Historical prologue: Job Tested Prose Section Poetry Section Plain language Highly ornate Written in pure Hebrew Contains many expressions characteristic of Chaldaean

  10. When God Finally Speaks... • He does not give Job any answers to his questions • He does not give Job any comfort in his situation

  11. Job 38:1-3 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said, "Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge? Now gird up your loins like a man, and I will ask you, and you instruct Me!

  12. Job 38:4-7 "Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding, who set its measurements, since you know? Or who stretched the line on it? On what were its bases sunk? Or who laid its cornerstone, when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?"

  13. Job 40:1 Then the LORD said to Job, "Will the faultfinder contend with the Almighty? Let him who reproves God answer it."

  14. Job 42:1-2 Then Job answered the LORD, and said, “I know that Thou canst do all things, And that no purpose of Thine can be thwarted.”

  15. Job 42:5-6 "I have heard of Thee by the hearing of the ear; but now my eye sees Thee; therefore I retract, and I repent in dust and ashes."

  16. Job 42:7 And it came about after the LORD had spoken these words to Job, that the LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite, "My wrath is kindled against you and against your two friends, because you have not spoken of Me what is right as My servant Job has.

  17. Job 42:8-9 “Now therefore, take for yourselves seven bulls and seven rams, and go to My servant Job, and offer up a burnt offering for yourselves, and My servant Job will pray for you. For I will accept him so that I may not do with you according to your folly, because you have not spoken of Me what is right, as My servant Job has.”

  18. Lessons from Job • God is both all-loving and all-powerful • There are no simple answers • Expression of grief & trouble is appropriate, but not to pass judgment on God • God is in control, even when it is not obvious to our eyes • God has a purpose in what he allows, even if we do not know what it is

  19. Lessons from Job • Tragedy can serve as a wake-up call • God has not remained distant from us in our pain • Job is about God’s condemnation Will you really annul My judgment? Will you condemn Me that you may be justified? (Job 40:8). God was condemned in Christ.

  20. Psalms The Hymnbook of God

  21. Characteristics of the Psalms • A thousand years of history • Musical instruments • Quoted in New Testament • Relates our response to God • A “sensory” book

  22. What are the different types of Psalms? • Praise Psalms • Songs of Thanksgiving • Royal Psalms • Wisdom Psalms • Psalms of Remembrance • Psalms of Lament • Imprecatory Psalms

  23. Structure of the Psalms

  24. Psalm 1 But his delight is in the law of the LORD, And in His law he meditates day and night.

  25. The title Elohim is used much more than is the name Yahweh

  26. Focus upon Israel, Jerusalem and the Temple

  27. An exclusive use of Yahweh

  28. The Hallel The Psalms of Praise Psalms 113-118 (Sung at Passover)

  29. The Value of the Psalms • A Commentary of the Old Testament • Liturgy for Worship • A Pattern for Prayer • Wisdom for Living

  30. The Book of Wisdom Proverbs

  31. Title of the book The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel (Proverbs 1:1).

  32. Proverbs Book of Wisdom Speaks to our Spirit Speaks to our Intellect Psalms Life in the prayer closet Life out in the street Teach us how to be holy before God Teach us how to practice holiness before men Book of Worship Love the Lord with all your heart, soul, and mind Love your neighbor as yourself

  33. Outline of Proverbs

  34. Themes in the Proverbs • The way of Wisdom 15 Avoid it, do not pass by it; Turn away from it and pass on. 16 For they cannot sleep unless they do evil; And they are robbed of sleep unless they make someone stumble. (Proverbs 4:15-16). 17 For they eat the bread of wickedness, And drink the wine of violence. 18 But the path of the righteous is like the light of dawn, That shines brighter and brighter until the full day. 19 The way of the wicked is like darkness; They do not know over what they stumble. (Proverbs 4:17-19). 13 Take hold of instruction; do not let go. Guard her, for she is your life. 14 Do not enter the path of the wicked, And do not proceed in the way of evil men. (Proverbs 4:13-14). 22 For they are life to those who find them, And health to all their whole body. 23 Watch over your heart with all diligence, For from it flow the springs of life. (Proverbs 4:22-23). 20 My son, give attention to my words; Incline your ear to my sayings. 21 Do not let them depart from your sight; Keep them in the midst of your heart. (Proverbs 4:20-21). 11 I have directed you in the way of wisdom; I have led you in upright paths. 12 When you walk, your steps will not be impeded; And if you run, you will not stumble. (Proverbs 4:11-12).

  35. Themes in the Proverbs • The way of Wisdom • Principles of Work He who gathers in summer is a son who acts wisely, But he who sleeps in harvest is a son who acts shamefully. (Proverbs 10:5). Like vinegar to the teeth and smoke to the eyes, So is the lazy one to those who send him.(Proverbs 10:26). 2 Ill-gotten gains do not profit, But righteousness delivers from death. 3 The LORD will not allow the righteous to hunger, But He will thrust aside the craving of the wicked. 4 Poor is he who works with a negligent hand, But the hand of the diligent makes rich. (Proverbs 10:2-4). Do you see a man skilled in his work? He will stand before kings; He will not stand before obscure men. (Proverbs 10:26).

  36. Themes in the Proverbs • The way of Wisdom • Principles of Work • Skilled work will lead to success • Diligent work will lead to success Go to the ant, O sluggard Observe her ways and be wise, Which, having no chief, Officer, or ruler; Prepares her food in the summer, And gathers her provisions in the harvest. (Proverbs 15:19) The way of the sluggard is as a hedge of thorns, But the path of the upright is a highway. (Proverbs 15:19)

  37. Themes in the Proverbs • The way of Wisdom • Principles of Work • Principles of Business and Finance He who trusts in his riches will fall, But the righteous will flourish like the green leaf. (Proverbs 3:27-28). 27 Do not withhold good from those to whom it is due, When it is in your power to do it. 28 Do not say to your neighbor, "Go, and come back, And tomorrow I will give it," When you have it with you. (Proverbs 3:27-28).

  38. Themes in the Proverbs • The way of Wisdom • Principles of Work • Principles of Business and Finance • Principles of Spiritual Speech For lack of wood the fire goes out, And where there is no whisperer, contention quiets down. (Proverbs 26:20).

  39. Lessons from the Proverbs • The Universal need for Wisdom • The Universal Arena of Wisdom • What is Wise is also what is Good • Principles rather than Promises • A real view of the real world • Christians are called to be street-smart

  40. ECCLESIASTES The Question of Life

  41. The Megilloth ("The Scrolls") Note: English equivalent dates are only close approximations

  42. Solomon’s Diary Emptiness!

  43. 1-2 3 4-5 6-9 10-12 1st Sermon 2nd Sermon 3rd Sermon 4th Sermon 5th Sermon There is profit in seeing God as the giver of all of the seasons of life Instead of being fearful, enjoy life while it lasts because it is a gift from God Man sees life as a struggle, but God gave life to be enjoyed Because of the emptiness of this life, man ought to fear the Lord and follow His word All of life is emptiness, but man ought to enjoy goodness because it is from God

  44. Lessons from the Seasons of Life • Life is a gift from God • To everything there is a season • This is a call to live purposefully • We are called to enjoy the journey • Part of this enjoyment is found in the “one another principles”

  45. The Preacher gives four reasons why it is better not to be alone 4:9 4:10 4:11 4:12 Two are better than one because… They have good results in their labor They can pick up one another in trouble They can warm one another in the cold They can hold up one another in adversity Work Falling Cold Adversity

  46. Principles of Priority 11:9 11:10 12:1 Rejoice... in young manhood Remove vexation from your heart pain from your body Remember your Creator in the days of your youth

  47. Remember the Lord because… • You aren’t getting any Younger. • God has designed you to be Empty without Him. • Now is the Time to Prepare for Eternity.

  48. SONG OF SONGS The Love Song of the Scriptures

  49. Interpretations of the Book • Allegorical Interpretation: Entire book is seen as an allegory of the Lord’s love for His people Israel. • Cultic Interpretation: Poems for use in marriage ritual. • Shepherd Interpretation: Views Solomon as the villain. • Typical Interpretation: Type of the church • Natural or Literal Interpretation

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