1 / 64

Energy Use in the United States

Energy Use in the United States. What percentage of the World’s population lives in the United States? 5%. How many passenger vehicles are there in the United States? ~211 million. What percentage of the world’s oil reserves does the U.S. have? 2%.

Download Presentation

Energy Use in the United States

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Energy Use in the United States

  2. What percentage of the World’s population lives in the United States? • 5%

  3. How many passenger vehicles are there in the United States? • ~211 million

  4. What percentage of the world’s oil reserves does the U.S. have? • 2%

  5. What percentage of U.S. petroleum consumption is supplied by imports? • 60%

  6. If all production and imports stopped, how long would the United States petroleum stocks last? • ~82 days

  7. What percentage of the world’s supply of natural gas does the United States have? • 3% • What percentage of the world’s coal supply does the United States have? • 27%

  8. How long would the United States coal reserves last if we continued to use it at the same rate? • ~242 years

  9. Energy Resources Chapter 4

  10. Resources • Renewable • Can be replenished overly a fairly short period of time Nonrenewable take millions of years to form and accumulate

  11. Fossil Fuels Any hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of energy. 90% of energy used in USA comes from fossil fuels !!!!!!

  12. What is Coal? • Made from decayed plant material from millions of years ago (usually in swamps) • Transformed by weathering, erosion, and heat pressure • Main resource power plants use to produce electricity

  13. Fossil Fuels: Coal • NONRENEWABLE • Located underground • Burned to make electricity • U.S. has largest coal reserves in world • Produces half the electricity in the U.S.

  14. Coal Issues : Mining • Destroys land surface

  15. Coal Issues: Air Pollution • Leads to acid rain

  16. Petroleum (Oil) -NONRENEWABLE • Formed from remains of tiny sea plants and animals – LIQUID • Found underground • Refined into different fuels which are burned to produce heat • Majority used for transportation

  17. Oil Trap • A layer of impermeable rock causes the oil/gas to become trapped … we tap into these reserves

  18. Petroleum Issues • Burning can cause air pollution and carbon dioxide • Drilling and transporting can damage land and water if leaks and spills

  19. Important Petroleum Facts • U.S. uses more petroleum than any other energy source • We do not produce enough to meet our needs • We import 2/3 of the petro that we use from foreign countries • Middle East has the majority of the world’s reserves

  20. Fossil Fuels: Natural GasNONRENEWABLE

  21. Natural Gas • Found in underground rock formations • Burn to produce heat • Used in industry, homes/businesses, and power plants to produce products, heating, and electricity

  22. Natural Gas Issues • Clean burning fossil fuel • Does produce some air pollution and carbon dioxide • Interesting fact: an odorant that smells like rotten eggs is added to natural gas so leaks can be detected

  23. Possible oil substitute? • TAR SANDS OIL SHALE

  24. Tar Sands • Mixtures of clay and sand combined with water and varying amounts of bitumen, a heavy black viscous oil. • Tar sands can be mined and processed to extract the oil-rich bitumen, which is then refined into oil.

  25. Tar Sand Drawbacks • Causes significant land disturbances • Requires large amounts of water to process • Large amounts of contaminated water and sediment accumulate in toxic disposal ponds • Accounts for 15% of Canada’s oil production

  26. Oil Shale • Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing petroleum-like solids • ½ of worlds supply is in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming • Unprofitable to mine and not as efficient as crude oil

  27. Mineral Resources • Deposits of useful minerals that can be extracted • Mineral reserves - deposits from which minerals can be extracted profitably • Ore – useful metallic mineral that can be mined for a profit

  28. Mineral Deposits • Must be profitable to extract • Large deposits known but unprofitable to extract them • Deposits are associated with the Rock Cycle

  29. Mineral Deposits • Most important mineral deposits form through igneous processes and from hydrothermal solutions.

  30. Igneous Processes • Form most metallic mineral deposits by settling at the bottom of the magma chamber as it cools • Gold • Silver • Copper • Lead • Mercury • Platinum • nickel

  31. Mineral Deposit: Hydrothermal Solutions

  32. Hydrothermal Solutions • Form from hot, metal-rich fluids that are left during the late stages of movement and cooling of magma – ex. Gold, silver, mercury

  33. Secondary Mineral Deposition • Placer Deposits • Eroded minerals are moved by water and settle on the inside, cracks and depressions of streams

  34. Nonmetallic Resources • Extracted and processed for either the nonmetallic elements they contain or for their physical and chemical properties • Examples: • Fertilizers • Limestone • Sand, gravel, etc..

  35. Extraction of Resources:Mining

  36. What is mining? • Mining is extracting ore or minerals from the ground • An ore is a natural material with a high concentration of economically valuable minerals that can be mined for a profit

  37. Types of Mines • There are two main types of mines. 1) Surface Mining 2) Subsurface Mining

  38. Surface Mining • Mineral deposits are on or near the surface of the Earth and are removed. • There are 3 types of surface mines: • Open-pit: removes large, near surface deposits of minerals such as gold and copper. Mined downward in layers • Quarries: stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel • Strip Mining: removing surface coal in strips up to 50 m wide x 1 Km long

  39. Chimney Rock, Bridgewater, NJ Bridgewater Sports Arena

  40. Rt 78 near Watchung Reservation

  41. Bernardsville Quarry, NJ‎ Images from Google Maps

  42. Subsurface Mining • Minerals are located too deep for surface mining • Shafts and passageways are dug into the ground to reach the ores.

  43. Subsurface Mining http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/minmethd.gif

  44. Reclamation • Mining can destroy or disturb habitats • Waste products can pollute water systems • When a mine is no longer being used, the land should be returned to its original state or better = Reclamation • Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975

  45. Reclamation Mine Albert, Quebec, before and after reclamation. Government of Quebec http://www.abandoned-mines.org/home-e.htm

  46. Why do we need mines?

  47. Why do we need mines? • Houses • Cars • Toothpaste • Plumbing • Wiring • Planes • Electronics • Jewelry • Glass If we can’t grow it, it has to be mined!

  48. Alternative Energy Sources • World’s population is increasing and our need for resources is increasing as well • Most resources we use are nonrenewable so we need to develop alternative energy sources

  49. Solar Energy • Uses sun’s rays to supply heat or electricity • Fuel is free and non-polluting

More Related