Semantic Interoperability and Retrieval Paradigms

Semantic Interoperability and Retrieval Paradigms Paradigms and conceptual systems in KO February 23, 2010 – February 26, 2010 Felix Boteram Prof. Winfried Gödert Jessica Hubrich

Retrieval • Focussed search • Expansion • Exploration 2

Classifications • Thesauri • Semantic networks • Ontologies Knowledge organization systems Retrieval

Technical • Structural • Semantic Interoperability Knowledge organization systems Retrieval 4

Semantic interoperability 5

Semantic interoperability Retrieval 6

Overall model for semantic Interoperability Aims • Strategies for retrieval and exploration in distributed systems • Integration of structurally and typologically different systems • Overall system consisting of an ontological spine and attached satellites Features • Simple hierarchical core system • Detailed bilateral mappings • Expressive multidimensional definition of intersystem and interconcept relations • Shared inventory of standard relations 7

Syn. Syn. SWS Syn. SWL Syn. Syn. Syn. Syn. Syn. SWSWD SWS SWLCSH SWL Syn. Core System*) SWS SWL SWL SWS Syn. Syn. Localized semantic networks with typed relations as link to the ontological spine possible extensions with satellites Syn. SWR SWxy SWRameau Syn. Syn. Syn. Syn. SWR SWxy SWxy Syn. Syn. SWR SWR Syn. 8 SWxy SWxy Syn. Syn. Syn.

Retrieval paradigms Conceptual exploration Conceptual query Simple pattern matching „TREE“ Thematic exploration 9

Levels of interoperability „TREE“ Enhanced conceptual interoperability Conceptual interoperability Basic interoperability 10

Basic interoperability Simple pattern matching „TREE“ Features • Easy implementation • No indexing languages required • Limited access and limited search functionalities • No modification / expansion possible Methods • Mapping on word level • Unspecified one-to-one equivalences represented in a simple cross-concordance. 11

Basic interoperability Simple pattern matching

Conceptual interoperability Conceptual query Features • Focus on the conceptual level • Multiple access points via synonyms • Structural transparency • Simple expansion strategies Methods • Mapping concepts independently from their actual representation in the various indexing languages. • Structural and typological differences should be taken into account. 13

Conceptual interoperability Conceptual query

Enhanced conceptual interoperability Conceptual exploration Features • Modification / expansion of queries • Conceptual exploration of a knowledge field • Query-clarification as a useful pre-search mechanism Requirements • Various types of expressive semantic relations have to be specified in great detail. • Well-structured relational inventories • Control- and selection-mechanisms to handle the complexity of the relational structure 15

Enhanced conceptual interoperability Conceptual exploration Methods • Differentiated conceptual mappings • Interpretation of the semantically enhanced relational structure • Relations between concepts have to be specified 16

Enhanced conceptual interoperability Conceptual exploration

Syn. Syn. SWS Syn. SWL Syn. Syn. Syn. Syn. Syn. SWSWD SWS SWLCSH SWL Syn. Core System*) SWS SWL SWL SWS Syn. Syn. Localized semantic networks with typed relations as link to the ontological spine possible extensions with satellites Syn. SWR SWxy SWRameau Syn. Syn. Syn. Syn. SWR SWxy SWxy Syn. Syn. SWR SWR Syn. SWxy SWxy Syn. Syn. Syn.

Thank you for your attention Prof. Winfried Gödert winfried.goedert@fh-koeln.de Felix Boteram Jessica Hubrich Institute of Information Management (IIM) Cologne University of Applied Sciences 22

Thematic exploration / thematic interoperability ? • Thematic exploration requires navigation and interpretation on the conceptual level via an enhanced conceptual interoperability and an exploratory component on the syntactical level. • Thematic entities / Syntagmata are always combinations of semantic entities and syntactic rules. • Need for a clear-cut distinction between the enhanced semantic level and the syntactic level.

Thematic exploration / thematic interoperability ? • Syntagmata can only be accessed by a careful analysis of their semantic components and syntactic structures. • Themes / Syntagmata can never be part of the semantic level, therefore the idea of a thematic interoperability as an advanced level of semantic interoperability is problematic. • Semantic interoperability between individual KOS can function as an intermediary when accessing / matching syntagmata.

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 1 Search interest: Gemüseanbau Search result Semantic environment: Gemüseanbau -> Gemüsebau Search result Integration of all narrower SWD terms 20 hits Data basis: ca. 330.000 documents of the German National Library (DNB) which are heterogeneously indexed (DDC, SWD)

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 1 Context: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften 630 Landwirtschaft 633-635 Einzelne Kulturpflanzen 635 Gartenpflanzen (Gartenbau) ; Gemüse 635.0284 Geräte, Ausstattung, Materialien 635.0285 Gartenbau—Computereinsatz 635.029 Gartenbau - Unternehmen - Verzeichnis 635.04 *Anbau, Ernte, verwandte Themen 635.05 Gartenbau—fortlaufende Sammelwerke 635.1-635.8 Gartengemüse 635.9 Blumen und Zierpflanzen Search for 635: 198 hits (as notation) 351 hits (as part of a built number) Transition to DDC Gemüsebau (Register) -> 635 Gartenpflanzen (Gartenbau) ; Gemüse

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 1 Selection: Gemüsebaubetrieb Blattfrüchte Exotisches Gemüse Feldgemüse Feldgemüsebau Frühgemüse Gemüse Gemüsebau Gemüsegarten Gemüseproduktion high average Connected to the class are: 12 index terms 4 SWD headings of high relevance 27 SWD headings of average relevance 8 SWD headings of low relevance low

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 1 Option 1: Structure search results according to the mapped SWD headings

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 1 Option 2: Modified queries by selection of mapped SWD headings, for example: Search for: Exotisches Gemüse: 1 hit Feldgemüse: 1 hit Gemüse: 36 hits Gemüsebau: 11 hits Gemüsegarten: 23 hits Gemüseproduktion: 1 hit

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 2 Search interest: Jagen Search results: Semantic environment: Jagen -> Jagd Search results: Integration of all narrower SWD terms : 160 hits Data basis: ca. 330.000 documents of the German National Library (DNB) which are heterogeneously indexed (DDC, SWD)

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 2 Context: 630 Landwirtschaft 639 Jagd, Fischfang, Erhaltung, verwandte Bereiche 639.1 Jagd 639.11 Jagd auf Säugetiere 639.12 Jagd auf Vögel 639.13 Jagd auf Amphibien 639.14 Jagd auf Reptilien Search for 639.1: 27 hits (as notation) 137 hits (as part of built number) Search for 639.1*: 162 hits Transition to DDC Jagd (Register) -> 639.1 Jagd [Alternative: 799.2]

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 2 Selection: Jagd Abschuss Abschussplan Ansitz Beutefang Brackieren Hege Nachsuche Rufjagd Wildbestand high average Connected to class 639.1 are: 6 index terms 3 SWD headings of high relevance 12 SWD headings of average relevance 8 SWD headings of low relevance low

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 2 Context: 790 Sport, Spiele, Unterhaltung 799 Fischfang, Jagd, Schießen 799.2 Jagd 799.202 Verschiedenes 799.21-799.23 Methoden 799.24-799.27 Jagd auf einzelne Arten von Tieren 799.29 Historische, geographische, personenbezogene Behandlung Search for 799.2: 4 hits (as notation) 12 hits (as part of a built number) Search for 799.2*: 37 hits Transition to DDC Jagd (Register) -> 799.2 Jagd [Alternative: 639.1]

From retrieval to knowledge exploration: example 2 Selection: Jagd Abschuss Abschussplan Balg Beutefang Gesellschaftsjagd Jagdunfall Trophäe (Jagd) Waldjagd Wildbestand high average Connected to the class 799.2 are: 4 index terms 3 SWD headings of high relevance 18 SWD headings of average relevance 12 SWD headings of low relevance low

Semantic Interoperability and Retrieval Paradigms