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THE CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY of THE US AND CANADA

THE CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY of THE US AND CANADA. THE UNITED STATES. KEY TERMS: IMMIGRATION, SUNBELT, URBANIZATION, METROPOLITAN AREA, SUBURB, URBAN SPRAWL, MEGALOPOLIS, UNDERGROUND RAILROAD, DRY-FARMING, BILINGUAL, LITERACY RATE. POPULATION PATTERNS. Influenced by immigration

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THE CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY of THE US AND CANADA

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  1. THE CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY of THE US AND CANADA

  2. THE UNITED STATES • KEY TERMS: • IMMIGRATION, SUNBELT, URBANIZATION, METROPOLITAN AREA, • SUBURB, URBAN SPRAWL, MEGALOPOLIS, UNDERGROUND RAILROAD, • DRY-FARMING, BILINGUAL, LITERACY RATE.

  3. POPULATION PATTERNS • Influenced by immigration • Asiatic peoples reached US over 20,000 years ago • Why people move here today? • Political and religious freedom, economic opportunity, wars, disasters • Ex: 2004- 11.7% of total US pop. Foreign born

  4. DENSITY and DISTRIBUTION • Avg. is 80 people per sq. mi. • Northeast and Great Lakes region • Dense b/c of commerce and industry • Pacific Coast • Economic opportunity and mild climate • Alaska, Great Plains, and Great Basin • Little to no pop. • South and Southwest (Sunbelt) Arizona, NM, and California • Manufacturing, service, and tourism

  5. URBAN AREAS Urbanization- rural to cities Metro-area- main city w/50k and outlying suburbs Urban sprawl- growth of metro area; people move away from city core

  6. GROWTH, DIVISION, and UNITY • 1800’s- U.S. doubled in size (addition of Louisiana) • Industrial Revolution • Coal in Midwest = power for machines = emergence of Midwest as industrial power • South • Textile industry • Slavery = Underground R.R. = series of safe-houses for escapees • Movement- Eastern cities to Great Plains (overcrowding) • Dry-farming- cultivating land to catch and hold water • R.R. = spread of manufactured goods

  7. CULTURE • Main language= English • Spanish= 2nd most spoken • Many religions • Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism • Education • Private and Public; 97% literacy rate

  8. CULTURE: THE ARTS • Jazz- blending African rhythms w/European Harmonies • Other notables: LA, NYC

  9. THE CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY of CANADA • KEY TERMS: • LOYALIST • PROVINCE, • INUIT • DOMINION • PARLIAMENT • QUEBECOIS • NAFTA • SEPERATISM

  10. POPULATION PATTERNS • Highly developed: big cities; wilderness • Some are descendants of Native Americans • Their settlers moved for the same reasons as the Americans • Ex: Loyalists- to the British Crown came over after the American Revolution • Settled in Maritime Provinces • Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island • Provinces- political units similar to states

  11. POPULATION PATTERNS (cont) • Quebec- settled by French; keeps its French heritage • Inuit- Arctic peoples of North America; about 1 million • 90% of the people live bet. the U.S./Canada border • Much of Canada is inhospitable • Rugged terrain and bitterly cold • Avg. pop. density = 8 per sq. mi. • Most live in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta

  12. MAJOR URBAN AREAS Toronto = industry and finance Montreal = industry and shipping Vancouver = trade b/t Canada and Asia Edmonton

  13. HISTORY and GOVT • Driven by French and English roots, independence and immigration • 1400s- John Cabot and Jacques Cartier • 1600s- French and British competed • 1800s- British and French feared US invasion • 1867- Dominion of Canada • Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick • Dominion = partial self governance

  14. HISTORY and GOVT (cont) • Independence • 1st attempt 1931 • British gov’t kept the right to approve constitutional changes • 1982 • Canada granted full freedom • Constitutional monarchy established

  15. EXPANSION and DIVERSITY • 1800s- land from Atlantic to Pacific, and Arctic to US Border • 1815-1855- 1 million British settlers • Quebecois- French speaking people of Canada • Klondike Gold Rush • Many Natives booted • 1998- Nanavut- “our land”; formal apology

  16. MODERN CHALLENGES • NAFTA • Trading bet. US and Canada • Elimination of trade barriers • What to do w/Quebec? • French nationalists want to start a separatist movement • Want independence

  17. CULTURE • Official languages: English and French • Religions: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Sikhism • Education and Health-Care: • Private and Public • 97% literacy rate • Must be in school bet. 6-16 yrs of age • Health-Care- gov’t sponsored

  18. THE ARTS • British, French, American, and Native influences • 1950s- mass media pushed purchasing of locally produced goods • Early 1900s- art by Natives • Group of Seven- painted the rugged Northern Canadian Landscapes • Writers- Hugh MacLennan & Margaret Lawrence • Toronto- theater and music capital of Canada

  19. FAMILY LIFE • One of the wealthiest in the world • High standard of living • 70% are married • 60% of these have kids • 1970s • 1 of 10 was 65 or older • Today • 1 of 6 is 65 or older • Avg. life expectancy = 80 yrs (highest in world)

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