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Plant Kingdom

Plant Kingdom. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30700-assignment-discovery-the-four-types-of-plants-video.htm. Evolutionary Advancements. Plants are thought to have evolved from multicellular green algae. Plant Kingdom. Key Characteristics : Eukaryotic, multicellular

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Plant Kingdom

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  1. Plant Kingdom http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30700-assignment-discovery-the-four-types-of-plants-video.htm

  2. Evolutionary Advancements • Plants are thought to have evolved from multicellular green algae.

  3. Plant Kingdom Key Characteristics: • Eukaryotic, multicellular • Autotrophs, photosynthetic • Cell wall made of cellulose • All sexually reproduce

  4. Coming onto Land • Cuticle – waxy coating that covers plant to retain water. • Stomata – Microscopic pores in leaf’s surface that regulates water loss (transpiration) and gas exchange.

  5. Kinds of Plants 4 Major Divisions: • Nonvascular (Moss) • Seedless Vascular (Ferns) • Vascular Seed Plants with Cones (Gymnosperm) • Vascular Seed Plants with Flowers (Angiosperm)

  6. Nonvascular Plants Example: Moss • Nonvascular= Lack true roots, stems & leaves. • Have root like structures called rhizoids that anchor the plant. • Water & nutrients diffuse through cells. • Require water for reproduction.

  7. Evolutionary Advancement Evolution of Vascular Tissue: • Xylem – vascular tissue that carries water from the roots to the leaves. • Phloem – vascular tissue that carries food (sugar) from leaves to roots. • Enables plants to grow much larger than nonvascular plants. • Tissue that makes up Roots, Stems & Leaves (organs of a plant)

  8. Vascular Seedless Plants • Ferns • Have vascular tissue (true roots, stems & leaves) • Reproduce with spores. (NO seeds!) • Requires water for sexual reproduction. • Spores are produced on underside of leaf in sori.

  9. Sori (spores)

  10. Evolutionary Advancement • Seeds • Embryo of plant, food source and seed coat. • Advantage over spores is stored nutrients for embryo.

  11. Vascular Seed Plant: Gymnosperm • Gymnosperm = “naked” seed, cones produce seeds without fruit. • Major advantage over ferns is the evolution of the seed. • Evolved extremely light pollen that enables it to be carried very far by wind. Female Cone w/ ovule (egg) Male Cone w/ pollen (sperm)

  12. Evolutionary Advancement • Flowers • Reproductive structure for Angiosperms. • Male and female parts are found on most flowers. • Produce seeds in ovary = fruit. • Fruit is an adaptation to entice animals to eat it to carry seeds far away from parent.

  13. Parts of a Flower Petal Filament Anther (pollen) Stigma Style Ovary Ovule (egg) Pistil (female) Stamen (male) 9

  14. Vascular Seed Plants: Angiosperm • 90% of known plants are angiosperms. • Humans use angiosperms for food, clothing and lumber. • Classified into two classes based on the number of embryonic seed leaves (cotyledon) produced by the embryo. • Monocot – one cotyledon (seed leaf) • Dicot – two cotyledons (seed leaves)

  15. Monocot VS. Dicot

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