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Soils
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We know more about the movement of celestial bodies than about the soil underfoot.- Leonardo da Vinci. Soil: Definition. . Solid earth material that has been altered by physical, chemical and organic processes so that it can support rooted plant life. Engineering definition: Anything that can be removed without blasting. 
Soils
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1. Soils
3. Soil: Definition
4. Soil Production
5. Soil Production: Inputs
6. Soil Production: Outputs
7. Soil Thickness: Storage
8. Factors of Soil Formation
9. Factors of Soil Formation
10. Factors of Soil Formation
11. Factors of Soil Formation
12. Factors of Soil Formation
13. Factors of Soil Formation
14. Factors of Soil Formation
15. Factors of Soil Formation
17. Inputs from outside ecosystem
Atmospheric inputs
Precipitation, dust, deposition
Horizontal inputs
Floods, tidal exchange, erosion, land-water movement
Inputs from within ecosystem
Litterfall and root turnover
18. Decomposition of organic matter
Humification to form complex organic matter
Weathering of rocks
Physical weathering
Fragmentation of rock
Freeze-thaw; drying-wetting; fire
Physical abrasion
Abrasion by glaciers
Chemical weathering
Dissolves primary minerals
Forms secondary minerals
19. Breakdown of soil organic matter to form soluble compounds that can be absorbed or leached
Depends on
Quantity of input
Location of input (roots vs. leaves)
Environment
Temperature
Moisture Decomposition
20. Soil Horizons
Layers in Soil
Not Deposited, but Zones of Chemical Action
Soil Profile
Suite of Horizons at a Given Locality Soil Horizons and Profiles
21. Soil Profiles
22. Soil Profiles
23. Cookport soil, Pennsylvania
24. Physical weathering breaks rocks into small mineral particles.
25. Chemical weathering dissolves and changes minerals at the Earth’s surface.
26. Decomposing organic material from plants and animals mixes with accumulated soil minerals.
31. Balance Between:
Downward Lowering of Ground Surface
Downward Migration of Soil Horizons
If erosion rapid or soil evolution slow, soils may never mature beyond a certain point.
Extremely ancient soils may have lost everything movable Limits of Soil Development
32. Rates of Soil Development
33. Erosion of Natural Capital
34. Soil and the Life-Cycle of Civilizations
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Unit 11: Acidic Soils Salt-Affected Soils - Objectives. Impacts/Causes/Effects of soil acidity
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Chapter 8: Acidic Soils and Salt-Affected Soils - Why we care about acidity1.The availability of many nutrients is strongly affected by acidity (Fig 8-7)2.Al3 is toxic to many plant roots and fish and impedes Ca, K, or Mg uptake by plants. Review cation exchange capacity, pH, and base saturation. Base Cation Saturation Percentage (BCS
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Chapter 8: Acidic Soils and Salt-Affected Soils - Why we care about acidity1.The availability of many nutrients is strongly affected by acidity (Fig 8-7)2.Al3 is toxic to many plant roots and fish and impedes Ca, K, or Mg uptake by plants. Review cation exchange capacity, pH, and base saturation. Base Cation Saturation Percentage (BCS
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Lesson: Soils Weathering corresponding to Chapter 6: Soils, Weathering, Erosion - Summary of Important Concepts. Soil is a layer of weathered rock, minerals, and organic matter at the earth\'s surface that supports plant life. The main factors that determine the characteristics of a soil are climate (mainly temperature and rainfall), topography, type of parent rock material, organic activity, and the amount of time that the soil has been forming. Soil forms from regolith - broken up rock material at the earth\'s surface. Soil forms as regolith undergoes weathering - the30486
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SOILS - SOIL . Factors determining soil makeup1. Climate - Rainfall amount and temperature (most important)2. Parent Rock - Type and chemical composition3. Vegetation - Roots and Leaves4. Topography - hilliness, etc.5. Time - how long to develop. MATURE VS. IMMATURE SOIL. Mature soil is soil that is fully developed! Has a distinguished A,B, and C horizon.Forest soil, Grassland soil, and Tropical SoilImmature soil is soil that is not fully developed! Does not have a distinguished A,B and C ho9462
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Soils: - Some call it dirt
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SOILS -
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Soils -
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Soils -
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Soils - We know more about the movement of celestial bodies than about the soil underfoot.- Leonardo da Vinci. Soil: Definition. . Solid earth material that has been altered by physical, chemical and organic processes so that it can support rooted plant life. Engineering definition: Anything that can be removed without blasting.
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