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Small Litter Size: Describing the Problem From The Farm’s Perspective

Small Litter Size: Describing the Problem From The Farm’s Perspective. David K. Bishop dbishop@sampsoncc.edu Sampson Community College. Season: Physiological Changes. In most animals, exposure to conditions that cause the body temperature to increase causes

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Small Litter Size: Describing the Problem From The Farm’s Perspective

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  1. Small Litter Size: Describing the Problem From The Farm’s Perspective David K. Bishop dbishop@sampsoncc.edu Sampson Community College

  2. Season: Physiological Changes • In most animals, exposure to conditions that cause the body temperature to increase causes - a decrease in gonadotropins; and - a decrease in feed intake.

  3. Lifetime Performance: Genetics + Environment 29,000 gilts

  4. Dealing with Weaned Sows: “as Delivered” • Condition Scores • Regular Patterns of introduction • Some program for “Knotheads” • Maximum performance • Fertility- Typical measures • Farrowing Rate • Born-Alive • Fecundity- Maximum Pigs per mating • Avoid the negative impacts of “outliers”

  5. Reproductive Failures Associated with Animal Welfare • Weaned sows that Fail to return within 7 days • Gilts / Sows that are/go Anestrus • Chronic Embryo Losses after Preg Check • Timing Issues due to intensity of expression • Improper use of hormonal therapy

  6. Effect of ambient temperature on lactation feed intake and body weight loss 12.5 11.9 10.8 9.9 6.8 J. Anim. Sci. 77:2124-2134, 1999.

  7. Maximize Lactation Length on Sows for subsequent Litter Size as long as she has enough Body Condition to Initiate Cycles when Weaned

  8. The Effect of Late Insemination on Farrowing Rate a b c d a Vs. b P < .05 c Vs. d P < .01

  9. a b a b The Effect of Late Insemination on Litter Size a Vs. b (P < .05)

  10. The Effect of a Late Subsequent AI on Reproductive Performance • The benefits of multiple AI are lost when the last AI is performed during too late. • Sows with Lower fertility have: • Susceptible to infections (at or before mating) • Decreasing uterine contractility (poor semen movement from the AI bag) • Physiological post-breeding inflammatory response (16-84 hours after mating) • Higher incidence of Late returns to Estrus (< 3:1 Ratio)

  11. Late AI Endometrium Vessels Cervix - SP PMNs Inflammatory Products C` & HSF ****** Uterine Contractions + SP AI in Swine: Proposed Role of Post-breeding Inflammation for Late AI

  12. Predictability of < 7 Born Alive Large Scale operation for one year Litters < 7 varied from 5 % to 22% Placed average of 11 pigs per sow If sow lost 2 pigs (7-14 days) -- 34% had < 7 born alive in next litter If the reason was scours--- 68% had < 7 in subsequent litter

  13. Farrowing Rate: Born-Alive Effective Management Style Mandate Response Deviations

  14. Typical Born-alive per Room 16 12 11 9 11 9 8 10 12 11 23 11 10 9 14 12 15 13 12 9 8 7 11 12 10 9 8 11 13 11 10 13 11 10 10 24 16 13 15 18 9 11 12 10 9 11 11 12 14 10 15 0 3 2 4 4 2 0 0 5 6 10 14 11 11 12 13 12 85% of Group = 11.91: 100% of Group = 10.54

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