Student Substance Use

1. A. Alcohol * B. Cannabis C. Non-medicinal use of prescription drugs* D. Tobacco E. Ecstasy F. Cocaine G. Oxycontin 61.7 % 25.6 % 20.6 % 11.9% 3.5% 3.4% 1.8% Student Substance Use What percentage of students in Grades 7 to 12 reported using the following substances at least once during 2007? *26% of students reported Binge Drinking (consumption of 5 or more drinks on one occasion) *Opioid pain relievers (Tylenol #3, Percocet); any drug used to treat ADHD (Ritalin) – students asked for the first time.

2. Why Do People Use Substances? • To feel _____________, _________________ or nothing at all • To ________________ • To be _______________________ • To _______________ better • To be _______________

4. What is a Drug? A Drug is any _____________ which when ingested, _____________, absorbed or ____________ , changes the way the ________ or ____________ functions. This includes changing the way a person ________________, acts or feels. substance inhaled injected mind body thinks There are 3 major groups of mood altering drugs. They are…

10. Frequency of Use • Experimental User • ___________________ is a motivator. • The user is learning about the __________ ___________ brought on by the drug. • The user is learning to ________ / ____________ the drug and its effects. • Getting ___________ is a new feeling not in the normal range of emotions. • The user can still ________________ to people. • Occasional User • The decision to ______________ has been made. • The user now seeks the ____________. • There is increased ____________ and _________________ in the use of the drug. • The ____________ group that the person hangs out with uses. • Getting “high” is more ________________ now. • ______________ develops. • The person becomes ______________. • The user has some problems _______________ to others. Curiousity mood swings trust mistrust “high” relate use “high” comfort confidence peer important Tolerance cocky relating

11. Regular User: • The user is _____________ more about drugs. • The user wants to be “high” ____________. • ____________________ start to occur. • Relationships are ______________. • The person clearly wants to ____________ ____________ ____________. • The person uses when __________, which is very dangerous. • The user still thinks he or she has ___________. • Daily User (The Addict) • The addict can _____ _____________ get “high”. • The user must take the drug to ________________. • There is no ___________ : you must use. • The person relates to ___________ not to ____________. • The addict will use _________ ____________. • The behaviour is both obnoxious and __________________. • ______________ are the users life. thinking often Blackouts difficult use the drug alone control no longer survive choice drugs people any time intimidating Drugs

18. SYMPTOMS OF ALCOHOL POISONING • Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol to the point of vomiting • Semiconscious or unconscious • Cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin • Slow breathing (the person breathes less than 8 times per minute or has 10 seconds or more between breaths) • Vomiting while sleeping or unconscious & not waking up after vomiting

19. Alcohol Poisoning Death from alcohol poisoning can be caused by central nervous system and respiratory depression or inhalation of vomit or fluid into the lungs The amount of alcohol that causes someone to “pass out” is dangerously close to the “lethal dose” Signs of alcohol poisoning: Unable to be aroused Weak, rapid pulse Unusual or irregular breathing pattern Cool, damp, pale, bluish skin

20. Binge Drinking large period poisoning • Binge drinking is the consumption of __________amounts of alcohol in a very short ________of time. • Binge drinking can cause alcohol ___________, which can be ______. • Binge drinking becomes even more ________ when _______ with other medications or drugs, illness, stress, or an empty stomach. Binge Drinkers are up to 10 Times More Likely to: • Be the __________ or ___________ in physical or sexual assault • Get into trouble with _____________ • Experience serious ____________ injury • Engage in ___________ driving • Have ___________ & ____________ sex • Damage property deadly dangerous combined victim aggressor police accidental dangerous unprotected unplanned

21. Absorption and Metabolism • Alcohol molecules are sufficiently small and fat-soluble to be absorbed throughout the entire gastrointestinal system • Factors that influence how quickly body absorbs alcohol: • Alcohol concentration in beverage • Amount of alcohol consumed • Amount of food in stomach • Pylorspasm • Mood

22. How Alcohol Affects a Person Depends On: • How ____________ you drink. • How _____________ you drink. • Your body ____________. • How much drinking you’ve done in the ____________. (Physical ________________) • How much _______________ is in your stomach. • What your __________________ is about drinking. (“I’m gonna get loaded!) • Your __________________ where you drink. much quickly weight past Tolerance food attitude surroundings

23. BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC) • 0.03% (1 drink/hour): relaxed, feeling of exhilaration • 0.06% (1-2 drinks/hour): feeling of warmth and relaxation, decrease of fine motor skills • 0.09% (2-3 drinks/hour): slowed reaction time, poor muscle control, slurred speech, wobbly legs • 0.12% (2-4 drinks/hour): clouded judgment, lessened inhibitions and self-restraint, impaired reasoning and ability to make logical decisions, well over the legal limit

24. BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC) • 0.15% (3-5 drinks/hour): blurred vision, speech unclear, unsteady walking, impaired coordination, possible blackout • 0.18% (5-8 drinks/hour): behavior is totally impaired, trouble staying awake, numb • 0.30% (8-13 drinks/hour): drunken-stupor or deep sleep • 0.40% (11-15 drinks/hour): coma, probable death • 0.50% (14-18 drinks/hour): death

26. Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism • Alcohol abuse • – interferes with work, school, or social and family relationships or entails any violation of the law • Alcoholism • – when personal and health problems related to alcohol use are severe and stopping alcohol consumption results in withdrawal symptoms

29. More than 50% of violent crimes 60-80% of child abuse and neglect cases 50-70% of theft and property crimes 75% of drug dealing The Perpetrator is Involved in Drug Use in… Belenko and Peugh, 1998; National Institute of Justice, 1999.

30. Long-Term Effects • Effects on the nervous system • Cardiovascular effects • Antithrombotic effect • Liver disease – alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis • Cancer • Irritant to gastrointestinal system • Inflammation of the pancreas • Block absorption of calcium • Interferes with immunity

31. C1.3 identify and describe the warning signs of substance misuse or abuse, addictions, and relatedbehaviours • Binge Drinking • Aggressive Behaviour under the influence • Drinking and Driving • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

33. Impaired Driving • Impaired Driving Danger on Canadian Roads Each day, on average, 4 Canadians are killed and 200 Canadians are injured in alcohol-related crashes. 75,000 Canadians are killed or injured in impaired driving crashes each year. Vehicle crashes are the number one cause of death and injury for youth and alcohol is involved 40% of the time.

34. The Need for Youth • Road Safety Initiatives YOUTH ROAD SAFETY • #1 cause of death for youth is vehicle crashes; alcohol is involved 40% of the time. #1 cause of serious injury for youth is vehicle crashes; alcohol is involved 20% of the time. • Compared to the proportion of young licensed drivers, youth are over-represented in fatal and serious injury vehicle crashes each year.

35. ALCOHOL RELATED INCIDENTS • Annually Alcohol is Key Factor in: • Traffic fatalities 40% • Assaults 72% • Suicides 35-80% • Sexual assaults 52-90% • Murders 50-76% • Spouse or child Abuse 50-65% • Drowning 69%

36. WHY YOUNG PEOPLE DRINK: • Many Reasons • Fun • Curiosity: “rite of passage” • Peers: “the thing to do…” • Psychological Purposes • To increase positive feelings • To decrease negative feelings

37. YOU DON’T HAVE TO FOLLOW—YOU CAN LEAD! · Decide to drink something other than alcohol or not to go to those parties. · Hang out with friends who don’t want to drink; then it will be easier to avoid alcohol. MAKE A PLAN TO AVOID DRINKING! · If you have a serious drinking problem, get help! Talk to a teacher, counselor, youth leader or call a hotline number. (Give out local help numbers at the end.) · Don’t put yourself in situations that you know will be focused on drinking. Don’t go to parties if all your drinking buddies will be there. · Buy non-alcoholic drinks for parties so you will have something else to drink. · Make your anti-drinking feelings known and ask your friends to hold you to it! · If necessary, get a new set of friends that feel same as you about drinking. O.K.

38. Don't ask my child to flyBruce Ritchie Don't ask my child to fly,for he has not wings. Don't ask my child to see the glint on the eagle's beak,for his vision has been diminished. Don't ask my child to remain calm amid the din,for her ability to screen out the noises has been taken away. Don't ask my child to be careful with "strangers",for he is affectionate with everyone and prey for the unscrupulous. Don't ask my child to "settle down",for the clock which works for you and I, does not exist for her. Don't ask my child to not play with the toys of others,for he has no concept of property. Don’t ask my child to remember you tomorrow,although you met today. Don't ask my child to heal your wounds,for her hands cannot hold a scalpel or sutures. Don't ask my child to meet the challenges set by society,for you have denied her the tools. Don't ask my child to forgive you for standing idly by,while he was in trouble in his mother's womb, for he will, but He may not.

39. 1 MATERNAL ALCOHOL ABUSE IS THE LEADING KNOWN CAUSE OF MENTAL RETARDATION IN THE WESTERN WORLD

40. 2 The facial features ofFetal Alcohol Syndrome are: • Small eyelid openings (palpebral fissures) • Short, upturned nose • Long upper lip (from nose to mouth) with a thin red border and a deficient central groove (philtrum) • Reduced size of the head (microcephaly)

42. Results of pre-natal alcohol exposure can include: Attention Deficit Disorders - ADD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD Mental Retardation Developmental delay Failure to thrive syndrome Swallowing/Feeding disorders Little or no retained memory Severe loss of intellectual potential Loss of intellectual functioning (IQ) Poor adaptive skills transferring learning to new situations (AQ) Severely compromised life skills development Emotional maturity far below chronological age Behavioural problems Inability to predict consequences of actions Extreme impulsiveness Poor judgment Little or no capacity for interpersonal empathy – social cues

43. Microcephaly Height and weight deficiencies Cerebral palsy Heart defects Heart failure Death Deafness / Hearing problems Central auditory processing disorder Developmental speech and language disorder Mild to severe vision problems Esotropia Dyslexia Facial anomalies Serious maxilo-facial deformities Cleft palate Dental abnormalities Immune system malfunctioning Asthma Complex seizure disorder Epilepsy Tremors Tight hamstrings Rigidity Slack muscles Genital deformities Hernia Precocious puberty Renal (liver) failure Kidney defects Hip deformities Underdeveloped fingers Shortened and bent little finger Spinal dimple

44. There is no safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders are 100% preventable. Maternal prenatal alcohol consumption even at low levels is adversely related to child behavior. The effect was observed at average exposure levels as low as 1 drink per week. Even brief exposures to small amounts of alcohol may kill brain cells in a developing fetus. A study carried out by John Olney, M.D., at the Washington School of Medicine in St. Louis showed that just two drinks consumed during pregnancy may be enough to kill some developing brain cells, leading to permanent brain damage.

45. 7 Health advisories urge women who are planning pregnancy or are pregnantnot to drink alcohol.

46. ALCOHOL: WRAP-UP THERE ARE SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES TO ALCOHOL ABUSE! · This includes broken families, divorce, child abuse, and violence. · Wrong decisions made under the influence of alcohol might include having sex, saying things you didn’t mean, acting like a fool at parties, driving drunk and killing somebody, being violent, etc. · You could become an alcoholic or encourage someone else to drink by your example. They may have the potential to become an alcoholic. · You can destroy your body and die young from liver disease, heart disease, brain damage and/or a dozen other alcohol-caused diseases. DRINKING IS ILLEGAL FOR TEENAGERS. · Even though you may disagree with the law, it is illegal for teens to drink. · You could end up in jail as a result of drinking or any foolish action you might do while you are drunk. A criminal record can disqualify you from life opportunities.

47. FAST FACTS ON DRUGS · 1 in 20 High School seniors use Marijuana or alcohol daily. · One third of all high school students used some illegal drug or alcohol last year. · About one in 10 emergency room drug cases is a patient 10 to 17 years old · Marijuana causes memory loss, both short-term AND long-term. · LSD permanently damages your brain and can cause acid trip flashbacks at anytime in the future, even if you’re no longer taking the drug. · PCP is an elephant tranquilizer. · Just one marijuana joint contains more than ten times the tar and nicotine of a regular cigarette.

48. Canadian Statistics: • The overwhelming majority of youth in Canada do no have alcohol or drug problems...but most do ‘experiment’ • In Ontario, over 25% of youth used cannabis in 2007 • In Canada, the number of young persons charged with drug posession has tripled over the past decade • Between 1991 and 2005 the percentage of youth reporting selling Cannabis more than doubled • Over 1/3 of students grade 7-9 have binged on alcohol • Over 40% of 15-19 year olds have binged on alcohol • 29% of 15-17 year olds report use of Canabis • 10% of students have used hallucinogenic drugs • Under 10% have used other drugs such as cocaine, ecstasy • Use of OxyContin and methamphetamines is a regional issue(nationwide 1%)

49. Impact of Substance Use on School Success... • Impaired judgment • Lack of concentration • Lack of motivation • Poor memory • Actual physical illness • Increased absenteeism • Loss of trusting relationships • Dammaged relationships with peers and adults • Lack of access to extra-curriculars • Progressive discipline I

50. School Related Factors • Between grade 7 and 8 the likelihood of using illicit drugs increases • In Ontario, students with a C average or below are more likely to report illicit drug use and hazardous alcohol use • Lack of commitment to school and low bonding with other students and teachers is seen as a significant risk factor for teen substance abuse • 87% of teens reported that they believed their parents to be a credible source of information about illicit drugs • Research has PROVEN that when youth: 1.speak to caring adults in their lives about drug use AND; 2. where the adult monitors the youth’s activities the likelihood of use is much less!