Searching for Meaning

1. Searching for Meaning Determining Importance

2. “If we want children to be deeply engaged in conversations about issues of great significance in books, we must not only teach them how to read, but show them how to reason.”Ellin Keene

3. “We have an abundance of information, but information alone is meaningless. It has to be thought about and organized and then internalized, and then maybe you will end up with knowledge.”7 Keys to Comprehension, Susan Zimmermann

4. How Do I Determine What Is Important When I Read?

5. Clue One: Readers determine what is important based on their purpose for reading. When reading difficult text without a purpose, students express complaints such as • I just say the words so I can be done. • I can’t relate to the topic. • I daydream and my mind wanders. • I can’t stay focused. • I get bored.

6. Why Is It Important to Have a Purpose? • Read “The House” and circle with pencil whatever you think is important. • Read the piece again and use a pink highlighter to mark places in the text that a robber would find important. • Read the piece a third time and mark with a yellow highlighter any places in the story that a prospective home buyer might think are important. • What did you notice about the three times you highlighted?

7. Clue Two: Readers determine what is important in text at the word, sentence, and text levels. • Word Level: Contentives are words that hold the meaning in any sentence. • Sentence Level: There are usually key sentences that carry the weight of meaning for a passage or section. • Text Level: There are key ideas, concepts, themes in the text.

8. Clue Three: When determining importance in informational text, think of the following: • What clues does the author provide to allow the reader to construct meaning from the text? • What clue words will help me when I read? • Which information is unimportant and which ideas are key to constructing meaning?

9. “I read everything the same way. It doesn’t matter if it is my science book or Sports Illustrated. What’s the point? Reading is reading.”Luke, grade 10, I Read It, but I Don’t Get It

11. Getting My Mind Ready to Read: Applying Comprehension Strategies to Fiction and Nonfiction

12. What Does Content Area Reading Require? • Knowledge of specialized vocabulary • Background knowledge • Study and memory techniques • Comprehension strategies for nonfiction texts • Monitoring meaning • Knowledge of sources and the reliability of them • The ability to overcome a personal lack of interest in the subject area and/or reading and writing to learn. Tools for Teaching Content Literacy by Janet Allen

13. Fonts and effects Cue words and phrases Text structures Graphics Text organizers Illustrations and photographs Which Nonfiction Features Signal Importance?

14. Nonfiction Conventions Convention Purpose Helps reader understand what something looks like Helps the reader identify the parts of a picture The words are bigger so you know that they are more important Helps reader understand the photo Helps reader see small details • Photographs – pictures in the book • Labels-words that identify parts of a picture • Types of print- ways words are written • Captions-speech bubbles • Close-ups-photographs

15. Four Secrets to Figuring Out Main Idea • Put yourself in the author’s place. • Examine the words and phrases (the details) for clues to what is important. • Ask questions about what, in your experience, the clues combined seem to say about what is valued. • Decide what the main idea is by saying, “If I had written this and said things this way, what would that say about what I thought was important?”

16. How Does Overviewing, Skimming and Scanning the Text, Help Understanding? • Activating prior knowledge • Noting characteristics of text length and structure • Noting important headings and subheadings • Determining what to read and in what order • Determining what to pay careful attention to • Determining what to ignore • Deciding if the text is worth careful reading or just skimming

17. Skimming and Scanning Tools for Teaching Content Literacy by Janet Allen

18. What Guidelines Are There for Highlighting the Text? • Look carefully at the first and last line of each paragraph. Important information is often contained there. • Highlight only necessary words and phrases, not entire sentences. • Don’t get thrown off by interesting details. • Make notes in the margin to emphasize a pertinent highlighted word or phrase. • Note cue words. • Pay attention to nonfiction features. • When finished, no more than half the paragraph should be highlighted.

19. Highlight and Revisit Do I Really Have to Teach Reading?, Cris Tovani

20. l – Important L- Learned Something New *- Interesting or important information or face AHA!- Big Idea Surfaces S- Surprising! S!!!- Shocking !!!- Exciting Text Codes

21. WOW!

22. Discerning What Is Interesting from What Is Important

23. Sifting the Topic from the Details

24. Reading Persuasive Material Carefully to Form an Opinion

25. Clue Four: When determining importance in fiction, think of the following: • Notice what the character says or does that provides what is important to him/her. • Pay attention to the actions, motives, and feelings of the character. • Think about what the author did to make the character believable. • Decide which characters are primary and which are secondary. Compare and contrast those characters. • Notice when the setting changes in a story. • Decide if the setting is an integral part of the story or if it could have taken place anywhere.

26. Determine the theme(s) of the story. • Determine which details contribute to the problem and/or the solution to it. • Pay attention to the conflict. Characterize it as character vs. character, character vs. nature, character vs. society, or character vs. self. • Notice the clues that the author provides to let the reader know what is going to happen next. • See if and how the author builds suspense. • Decide what seems realistic and what does not.

27. Think of the tone of the story. • Contemplate what the author’s purpose was for writing the story. • Decide from what point of view the story is told. • Think about the plot structure and characterize it as episodic, progressive, or are there parallel plots that build at the same time. Constructing Meaning by Nancy Boyles

28. Identifying the Theme Strategies That Work by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis

29. Determining Important Events Strategies That Work by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis

30. Character Analysis Strategies That Work by Stephanie Harvey and Anne Goudvis

31. What Is Important in the Text? I Read It, but I Don’t Get It by Cris Tovani

32. Clue Five: When Determining Importance in Poetry, Think of the Following: Note any clues in the title that may help determine importance. Think about the poet and any other works that may provide information about the poet’s style. Conclude what you think the poet’s purpose was. Determine the meanings of key words and phrases.

33. Determining Importance in Poetry (continued) • Construct meaning from any use of figurative language. • Decide upon messages or themes of the poem, whether they are overtly stated or hidden. • Reflect upon feelings after reading the poem.

34. How Do I Know If a Student Has Successfully Solved the Mystery of Determining Importance in Reading?

35. Assessing with the Major Point Interview for Readers • Are there some parts of this text that are more important than the others? Which ones? Why do you think they were the most important? • What do you think the author thought was most important so far in this text? Why do you think so? • We have just discussed important parts of the text. (Restate child’s response.) What do you understand now that you didn’t understand before?

36. “Good strategy lessons are not over until students have discussed their learning process.” Nancy N. Boyles