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Review For Quiz and Final Exam

Review For Quiz and Final Exam. Mrs. Ashley. Skeletal System:. __________ 20. The condition that affects the skeletal system resulting in reduced bone density and bone mass, often as a result of reduced estrogen levels is _________ A. osteomyelitis B. arthritis C. osteoarthritis

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Review For Quiz and Final Exam

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  1. Review For Quiz and Final Exam Mrs. Ashley

  2. Skeletal System: __________ 20. The condition that affects the skeletal system resulting in reduced bone density and bone mass, often as a result of reduced estrogen levels is _________ A. osteomyelitis B. arthritis C. osteoarthritis • Osteoporosis __________ 21. . The bone that forms near the cheeks of the head is called A. lachrymal bone B. parietal bone C. zygomatic bone D. frontal bone __________ 22. The adult skeleton has this number of bones • A. 126 • B. 206 • C. 310 • D. 216

  3. _________ 23. What is the name for the part of the skeleton that is the arms and legs? A. Appendicular Skeleton B. Perpendicular Skeleton C. Axial Skeleton D. None of the above _________ 24. The humerus is an example of A. short bone B. cartilage C. irregular bone D. long bone ________ 25. The ear lobe is an example of A. Short bone B. Cartilage C. irregular bone D. long bone

  4. _________ 26. The fontanels in the baby' s head allows for A. growth of the brain B. less injury C. sutures to form D. none of the above _________ 27. This structure allows the ribs to expand when breathing A. Sternum B. Costal Cartilage C. False ribs D. Thoracic vertebrae _________ 28. This type of fracture is seen most often in sports injuries A. compound fracture B. spiral fracture C. hinge fracture D. simple fracture

  5. _________ 29. This is where white blood cells are made A. yellow marrow B. red marrow C. cartilage D. epiphysis _________ 30. This type of bone is helpful in reducing the overall weight of the skeletal system A. compact bone B. red marrow C. yellow marrow D. spongy bone _________ 31. Which of the following is NOT important in bone development A. weight bearing exercise B. physical exercise C. vitamin A D. iron

  6. Digestive System and Diabetes __________ 1. The purpose of insulin in the body is to A. regulate the amount of food that is used by cells of the body B. makes sure that the sugar levels of the blood are at a reasonable level C. allows the body to uptake glucose from the blood D. all of the above _________ 2. The organ that secretes the hormone insulin is A. gall bladder B. liver C. pancreas D. stomach • __________ 3. Type I diabetes is • A. when the body does not produce insulin • B. something that happens late in life • C. when the body does not produce enough insulin • D. when there is insulin resistance

  7. __________ 4. Chemical digestion begins A. in the stomach B. in the small intestine C. in the liver D. in the mouth __________ 5. Some enzymes in the stomach A. need hydrochloric acid to be effective in digestion B. are used to line the stomach C. produce insulin D. none of the answers are correct __________ 6. Insulin is produced in A. the liver B. the Islet of Langerhans C. the small intestine D. the stomach

  8. _________ 7. Type II Diabetes can be helped by A. losing weight B. exercise C. controlling diet D. All of the above __________ 8. Physical digestion begins in A. the mouth B. the stomach C. on the plate D. in the small intestine _________ 9. Absorption of food takes place A. in the mouth B. in the stomach C. in the small intestine D. in the blood stream

  9. _________ 10. Type II diabetes accounts for A. 5 % of all diabetes cases B. 50% of all diabetes cases C. 70-75% of all diabetes cases D. 90-95% of all diabetes cases _________ 11. Type II diabetes is characterized by low production of insulin and A. no insulin B. insulin resistance C. hypoglycemia D. cancer _________ 12. Diabetes can cause damage A. to small blood vessels B. to large blood vessels C. to the heart D. all of the above

  10. _________ 13. The exocrine function of the pancreas is related to A. digestion B. releasing hormones C. insulin production D. none of the above _________ 14. Glucagon A. digests sugar B. makes the body absorb more sugar C. raises the sugar level in the body D. is secreted by the liver _________ 15. Chronic pancreatitis may be caused by A. drinking too much water B. heavy use of alcohol C. mumps D. none of the above

  11. _________ 16. A test to find out if a patient has diabetes is A. echocardiogram B. T test C. glucose in urine D. EEG _________ 17. The correct balance of diet for type II diabetes is A. 50 percent protein; 25 percent fat; 25 percent carbohydrate B 60 percent protein; 25 percent fat; 15 percent carbohydrate C. 10 percent protein; 30 percent fat; 60 percent carbohydrate D. 25 percent protein; 15 percent fat; 60 percent carbohydrate _________ 18. A symptom of diabetes is A. blurred vision B. frequent urination C. loss of weight D. all of the above

  12. ________ 19. A serious complication of diabetes is loss of limbs such as a foot. The primary cause is A. loss of blood to the leg B. an injury that doesn't heal properly C. broken bone D. none of the above Short answer: What are three things you can do to help prevent type II diabetes? 20 21 22. What is Gestational Diabetes? 23-24.

  13. Muscular System __________ 1. Muscle tissue in the arms that help to allow your arm to move is called _________ A. smooth muscle tissue B. cardiac muscle tissue C. neural muscle tissue D. skeletal muscle __________ 2. When using a compound microscope to look at slides it is important to know that images should first be found with the __________ A. course adjustment B. fine adjustment C. naked eye D. mirror __________ 3. One of the functions of the muscular system is A. for protection and regulation of body temperature B. for production of white blood cells C. for releasing of toxins D. for regulation of salts in the body

  14. __________ 4. When exercising, the cause of a burning sensation in the muscles is caused by A. lactic acid accumulation in the muscle B. a depletion of ATP and creatine phosphate C. lack of enough oxygen D. all of the above __________ 5. This type of muscle is involuntary and has one nucleus per cell A. skeletal B. smooth C. cardiac D. Epidermal __________ 6. The nerve cells that stimulate the muscles are called A. excitors B. motor neurons C. extensors D. stimulating neurons

  15. __________ 7. Precise control of muscle movements, such as the eye are controlled by A. small motor units B. extensive neurons C. large motor units D. none of the above __________ 8. The term for some motor units that are active is called A. muscle tension B. atrophy C. hypertrophy D. muscle tone __________ 9. When you bend your arm at the elbow so that your wrist is closer to your shoulder, this is A. rotation around a ball and socket joint B. deflection C. flexion D. extension

  16. _________ 10. The ability of a muscle to be shorten when enough stimulated is applied is called A. contractility B. elasticity C. extensibility D. sensitivity _________ 11. This type of muscle tissue appears striated under the microscope and is involuntary A. skeletal muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Cardiac muscle D. none of the muscle types _________ 12. Which of the following is not a place of attachment for muscle tissue? A. tendons B. cartilage C. other bones D. connective tissue coverings

  17. _________ 13. What is the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body called? A. adduction B. Abduction C. rotation D. pronation _________ 14. What type of exercise increase muscle mass or size? A. isometric B. isotonic C. aerobic D. anaerobic Short answer: List three of the function of muscles: 15. _________________________________________________________ 16. _________________________________________________________ 17. _________________________________________________________ What is the purpose in terms of muscle function for the striations of the skeletal muscle? 18 _____________________________________________________________________

  18. Microbes and Human Health __________ 1. Spherical shaped bacteria are called A. Cocci B. Spirilli C. Bacilli D. round __________ 2. This type of organism has no known cure yet and is alive only when it multiplies in the nervous tissue is A. virus B. bacterium C. prion D. protozoa __________ 3. The three forms (shapes) of bacteria are: A. Cocci, Bacilli, Spirila B. Virus, Prion, Bacteria C. Specimen, Streptococci, Diplococci D. Inoculated, Incubated, and sequel

  19. __________ 4. Most Bacteria found in the world _________ A. are contagious to humans B. are pathogenic C. are not harmful D. are spirilla __________ 5. Scientists collect data during an experiment in order to _______ A. compare a control group to an experimental group B. formulate more information in order to design the next experiment C. test the hypotheses D. all of the above __________ 6. Something that is used to heal a patient with a bacterial infection is called A. antiviral medication B. antibiotic medication C. vaccination D. antifungal medication

  20. __________ 7. This helps the body to fight possible infection by causing the immune system to create antigens to fight off future infections of a specific disease A. antibiotic B. MRSA C. vaccination D. sterilization __________ 8. The experiment with the growth of bacteria on the nutrient agar in biopaddles shows that A. Bacteria and fungus are found in large numbers in most places B. Hand washing is important C. The bacteria that are present are not able to be seen with the naked eye D. All of the above

  21. A scientist wants to learn about the effectiveness of a certain antiseptic soap in killing bacteria when used to clean wounds. She exposes biopaddles to common bacteria found in an office, then places a sterile disk soaked in the antiseptic on a central location on the biopaddles. She also places a disk soaked in sterile water on another biopaddle given the same treatment. She observes the growth of bacteria over several weeks, measuring the area around the disks that do not contain any bacterial colonies. __________ 9. In the experiment above what is the independent variable? A. The amount of bacterial colony growth around the disks B. The antiseptic being tested C. The control group D. The experimental group _________ 10. In the experiment about what is the control group? A. The biopaddle with the sterile water on the disk B. There is no control group in this experiment C. The biopaddle with the disk with antiseptic on it

  22. _________ 11. Which of the following does not help to stop the spread of disease? A. vaccinations B. isolation of patients who are contagious C. proper hand washing D. sharing needles _________ 12. What is meant by vector transmission of a disease? A. disease is spread from skin to skin contact B. disease is spread by unprotected sex C. disease is spread when no vaccination is given D. disease is spread by the bite of an insect or other organism such as a mosquito _________ 13. Bacteria that are long chains of spheres are called A. diplococci B. staphylococci C. streptococci D. tetrad

  23. 14. Please look at the picture of the organism below. What is a disease that would have these spiral shaped organisms? A. Lyme disease B. MRSA C. Staph infection D. AIDS _________ 15. What is epidemiology? A. The study of what germs cause disease and how to develop vaccines for them B. The study of how disease spreads through a population and how to stop the spread of that disease C. The development of preventions and precautions D. None of the above

  24. _________ 15. What is epidemiology? A. The study of what germs cause disease and how to develop vaccines for them B. The study of how disease spreads through a population and how to stop the spread of that disease C. The development of preventions and precautions D. None of the above _______ 16. The correct name for whooping cough is __________ A. pertussis B. croup C. COPD D. corya Short answer Please give the best answers for the questions below. 16-17. What are two ways to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS

  25. 18-19. Name two ways in which bacteria are helpful. a. b. 20. What is the purpose of having a control group in an experiment? (The biopaddle that was never opened or exposed in our experiment was the control group.)

  26. Excretory System ________ 1. The Urinary System has the function of ________ A. removing nitrogenous wastes B. regulating the chemical content of the body C. releasing urine D. All of the above ________ 2. The difference between diffusion and osmosis is _________ A. In diffusion, substances move from areas of higher concentration to lesser concentration and in osmosis it is the opposite B. In diffusion, substances move from areas of lesser concentration to higher concentration and in osmosis it is the opposite C. In diffusion, substances move from areas of higher concentration to lesser concentration without a membrane and is osmosis it is the same, but with going through a membrane D. In diffusion, substances move from areas of higher concentration to lesser concentration through a membrane, and in osmosis it is the same, but without going through a membrane What are the four main excretory organs of the body? 3. 4. 5. 6.

  27. 7. What is the name of the tube that allows urine to leave the body? _____________________ 8. Describe nephrons and their role in excretion 9. What is urea? 10. What are the excretory product s of the respiratory system?

  28. Diseases of Systems List two diseases of each of the following systems: Respiratory Digestive Excretory Muscular Skeletal Integumentary (skin) Reproductive Nervous Circulatory Endocrine (Hormonal system)

  29. Know the major organs for each of the systems • Circulatory: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood, plasma • Digestive: Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, colon, rectum, anus, gall bladder • Nervous: brain, nerves, neurons, central nervous system, parietal nervous system; autonomic nervous system; sympathetic nervous division (part of autonomic and is the fight or flight response); parasympathetic nervous division (part of automonic and controls body at rest such as heart beat)

  30. Nervous System • Peripheral Nervous/Central Nervous • Location • Autonomic (involuntary) and somatic (voluntary) • Sympathetic Nervous System (Provide energy to overcome stressful situations) • Parasympathetic Nervous System (System to go back to natural state) • Enteric Nervous System (works with above 2 or on its own in intestinal region)

  31. Know the major organs for each of the systems • Respiratory: mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm, lungs, hemoglobin, red blood cells • Excretory: kidney, nephrons, glomerulus, urethra, ureter, lung, liver, and skin • Integumentary: Skin; dermis, epidermis, hair follicle, • Reproductive: penis, testes, semen, ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina, cervix, ova

  32. Endocrine System • Endocrine: pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, pineal gland, testes, ovaries • 9 endocrine organs in body • Secret specific hormones which regulate body functions

  33. Endocrine System

  34. Pineal Gland The pineal gland is involved in several functions of the body including: • Secretion of the Hormone Melatonin • Regulation of Endocrine Functions • Conversion of Nervous System Signals to Endocrine Signals • Causes Feeling of Sleepiness • Influences Sexual Development

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