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Darkroom and Film Processing

Darkroom and Film Processing. Rad Tech A – Week 9 Fall 2009. Darkroom. Darkrooms – Still Necessary?. Darkrooms are necessary for manually fed processors and daylight processors. -Loading automatic film processor magazines.

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Darkroom and Film Processing

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  1. Darkroom and Film Processing Rad Tech A – Week 9Fall 2009

  2. Darkroom

  3. Darkrooms – Still Necessary? • Darkrooms are necessary for manually fed processors and daylight processors. -Loading automatic film processor magazines. • Necessary for conducting certain quality control tests (daily sensitometric strip).

  4. Darkroom

  5. Darkrooms 4 Basic Functions • Number 1 Function • Storage • Unexposed film

  6. Film Bin

  7. DARKROOM FUNCTION # 2 Purpose of Film Processing • Change silver halide crystals from film emulsion (after exposure to x-ray or light photons) to black metallic silver. • Latent image (invisible until processed) is developed into a Manifest image. • Improper or careless processing can cause poor diagnostic quality.

  8. Manual Feed Processor

  9. Hand Processing in the Early years • Strong smell of chemicals • Messy • Time consuming

  10. 1956 – first roller transport6 minute processing time

  11. Processing Time 3 minutes 90 seconds

  12. Processing FilmTable top Processors Can process as fast as 60 seconds TABLE TOP PROCESSOR

  13. PROCSSING CHEMICALS • Solutions are PRE- MIXED • Outside Company usually provides service- • Weekly or monthly • Solutions should be replenished as necessary & changed regularly • Solutions must be monitored (Daily QC strip).

  14. Replenishment tanks

  15. TABLE TOP FILM DUPLICATORto MAKE COPIES OF FILMS

  16. WILL THIS WORK ????

  17. Daylight Processor

  18. Function # 3: Handling of Film

  19. UNLOAD EXPOSED FILM

  20. Function # 4: Film Identification • Pt name • Exam date & time • Pt x-ray number • Pt Birthday/DOB • Rt or Lt marker • Optional • Exam type • Dr. Name

  21. FILM ID PRINTER Name of patient place on top Cassette is “flashed” with name – can be done before or after image is taken Should be done BEFORE PROCESSING FILM

  22. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DEVELOPER FIXER WASHER DRYER REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM AUTOMATIC PROCESSING

  23. Automatic Processor

  24. http://www.coursewareobjects.com/objects/mroimaging_v1/mod08i/0845a.htmhttp://www.coursewareobjects.com/objects/mroimaging_v1/mod08i/0845a.htm

  25. Processor Chemistry Overview • Developer– converts latent image into manifest image • Fixer– clear the film of unexposed, undeveloped silver bromide crystals, promotes archival quality • Wash – rid the film of residual chemicals

  26. Wash • Rid the film of residual chemicals for developer and fixer • Residual chemicals on the film will discolor radiograph over time. • Cold water processors are less efficient in removing chemicals – Warm water processors much better. • Agitation during wash process is essential

  27. Fixer Retention(Not Washed Off)

  28. Transport System Components • Feed Tray • Rollers (Different Assemblies): 1. Entrance 2. Deep Racks 3. Turnaround 4. Crossover 5. Squeegee 6. Dryer • Receiving Bin

  29. Transport System (Rollers) Entrance Crossover Feed Tray Squeegee DeepRacks Dryer Turnaround

  30. Processor (Top View)

  31. Replenishment System • Main function: Keep solution tanks full and assure proper solution concentration. • As film is introduced into processor, sensor initiates solution replenishment • Right & wrong way to feed in film -Feed in along short edge

  32. Transport System in Automatic Processors • Conveys the film through different solutions (sections) by a series of rollers driven by gears, chains & sprockets. • Done at a prescribed speed – determines length of time the film is in each solution

  33. Temperature Regulation • Main function: To control the temperature of each section of the processor. • Developer – most important solution to regulate • Usually between 92 degrees and 95 degrees • Thermostatically controlled

  34. Recirculation System • Provides agitation necessary for uniform solution concentration

  35. Wash & Dryer Systems • Wash: Provide thorough removal of chemical solutions from the film. -Archival film quality • Dryer: Removes water from film by blowing warm, dry air -Between 120 degrees & 130 degrees F.

  36. Silver Recovery • About ½ of the film’s silver remains in the emulsion after exposure & processing. • Other ½ (unexposed silver) is removed from the film during fixing process. • Silver is toxic to public water supply – must have proper disposal.

  37. What is in the Darkroom?

  38. Loading Bench Film Bin Film I.D. Printer Safelights Pass Box Light-tight Room Ample ventilation Warning Light outside room Lockable Door Wall Shielding if adjacent to x-ray room Walls painted with light color to reflect safelight Darkroom Contents

  39. Darkroom Equipment

  40. Darkroom Equipment

  41. Safe Light • 15 Watts • Red filter • Must be 3-6 feet from counter top or feed tray of processor • Used to be amber or orange filter

  42. Darkroom Summary

  43. Summary & Questions

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