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Civilization in Sumer

Civilization in Sumer. Vocabulary Words. innovation division of labor surplus monarchy absolute authority. bureaucracy pictograph cuneiform social class merchant. Innovation. INNOVATION. A new way of doing things. Division of labor. Division of Labor.

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Civilization in Sumer

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  1. Civilization in Sumer

  2. Vocabulary Words • innovation • division of labor • surplus • monarchy • absolute authority • bureaucracy • pictograph • cuneiform • social class • merchant

  3. Innovation

  4. INNOVATION • A new way of doing things.

  5. Division of labor

  6. Division of Labor • The sharing of large jobs so that each worker does only part of the work.

  7. Surplus

  8. Surplus • Amount of product that is left after needs are met.

  9. Monarchy

  10. Monarchy • The system of government in which a king or queen rules.

  11. Absolute Authority

  12. Absolute Authority • A system of government in which one person has complete control.

  13. Bureaucracy

  14. Bureaucracy • A governing group made up of non-elected officials.

  15. Pictograph

  16. Pictograph • A drawing or symbol used to represent a word or idea.

  17. Cuneiform

  18. Cuneiform • A form of writing that uses symbols to stand for words.

  19. Social Class

  20. Social Class • Group of people in the same level of importance in a society.

  21. Merchant

  22. Merchant • Someone who buys or sells goods.

  23. Vocabulary Review • ____ Merchant • ____ Division of labor • _____ Social Class • _____ Monarchy • ______ Absolute authority • _____ Bureaucracy • A system of government in which a king or queen rules. • A governing group made up of non elected officials. • Having complete control.

  24. Ancient Sumer • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y1G-r6N_SI

  25. One of the world’s first civilization formed in Mesopotamia in an area called Sumer.

  26. Sumerians are known for several achievements and innovations.

  27. Mesopotamia is known as an area between two rivers. • The rivers are Tigris and Euphrates. • Sumerians were able to grow food because of the rich soil on the banks of the rivers.

  28. Advances in Farming • Sumer got little rainfall so the people had to find ways to use the river water for their crops. • They also had to find ways to protect their crops from flooding (too much water) and drought (not enough water). • They found ways to change the rivers.

  29. Advances in Farming • Sumerians built dikes and dams to control the flooding of the rivers.

  30. Advances in Farming • They filledreservoirsto help them store water during the drought, and canals to bring water during the dry season.

  31. Advances in Farming • They were one of the first people to use wheeled carts to carry crops and other heavy loads.

  32. Advances in Farming • Sumerians used division of labor in farming.

  33. Advances in Farming • Sumerians knew that they had to produce enough food or else there would be disaster. • They learned to be organized and cooperate with each other.

  34. What 5 innovations did Sumerians use to help them in farming? • Why was division of labor important in farming? • How did wheeled carts help Sumerians in farming?

  35. Government in Sumer • Sumerians had a monarchy. • Each city- state had a ruler called en. • The en had absolute authority.

  36. Each city state had the en - king The en held an absolute power Settling arguments Leading the military Arranging trade Directing public events

  37. Government in Sumer • Sumerian monarchs were considered to be great men that were chosen by gods.

  38. Government in Sumer • Sumerians needed help to rule over several lands and large areas so they created a bureaucracy. • The officials were priests or religious leaders.

  39. Sumerian monarchs were called “great men” Sumerian rulers created first known bureaucracy Governing group made up of appointed officials priests Religious leaders

  40. Government in Sumer List any surpluses used for trading Choosing and marking lands for farming Record amount of food given to people. Distribute food to people Bureaucratic officials Keep track of food brought from the farm to the store.

  41. The desire to keep records of FOOD led to Sumerian greatest contribution to world history -WRITING.

  42. What form of government did Sumerians have? • Give two ways bureaucracy helped the Sumerian en (king). • What led the Sumerians to invent writing?

  43. Writing and Other Innovations • The first form of Sumerian writing was Pictographs.

  44. They improved their writing by using symbols to stand for words. Cuneiform – using symbols instead of words

  45. Sumerians had three innovations for measuring. • Iku (acre)- used to measure land. • Quart- used to measure volume. • Calendar- used to measure time.

  46. Other inventions Measuring systems A standard unit for measuring an area of land – crop field – iku, now called acre A standard unit for volume – the quart

  47. Sumerian calendar Divided into 12 months based on the 28-day cycle of the moon Made up of 12 lunar months; every three years extra month was added

  48. Mixed copper and tin to make bronze tools sailboats Potter’s wheel

  49. What are three Sumerian innovations for measuring? • How did Sumerians improve their greatest invention: Writing?

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