Review: Simple Sentences

1. Review: Simple Sentences • Are independent clauses • Consist of one subject and one verb • A prepositional phrase consists of a _____________ and its ________. European immigrants arrived at Ellis Island.

2. Review: Parallelism • Uses matching words, phrases, or clauses to express equivalent ideas • Adds unity, balance, and coherence to your writing To be a good golfer, Marsha needs to groove her swing, hit through the ball, and with great concentration.

3. Compound Sentences Coordinating conjunctions Semicolons Transition words Transition phrases

4. Compound Sentences • Are made up of two or more independent clauses (simple sentences) • One way to form a compound sentence is by joining two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunctionpreceded by a comma: • European immigrants arrived at Ellis Island, butAsian immigrants arrived at Angel Island.

5. Coordinating Conjunctions FANBOYS

6. Coordinating Conjunctions • Join two ideas of equal importance. • Describe the relationship between two ideas, showing how and why the ideas are related.

7. Coordinating Conjunctions Different coordinating ideas have different meanings: To indicate addition, use and: He acts like a child, andpeople think he is cute. To indicate contrast or contradiction, use butor yet: He acts like a child, buthe is an adult. He acts like a child, yethe longs to be taken seriously.

8. Coordinating Conjunctions To indicate a cause-and-effect relationship, use soor for: He acts like a child, sowe treat him like one. He acts like a child, forhe craves attention. To present alternatives, use or: He acts like a child, orhe is ignored. To eliminate alternatives, use nor: He does not act like a child, nordoes he look like one.

9. Coordinating Conjunctions • When joining two independent clauses, always put a comma before the coordinating conjunction. • Do not use a comma unless you’re linking two complete independent clauses: Incorrect: The cat hissed, and ran away. Correct: The cat hissed and ran away.

10. Using Semicolons • Another way to create a compound sentence is by joining two simple sentences (independent clauses) with a semicolon. • The AIDS quilt contains thousands of panels; each panel is rectangular. • A semicolon generally connects clauses whose ideas are closely linked.

11. Using Transitional Words & Phrases • Another way to create a compound sentence is by combining two simple sentences (independent clauses) with a transitional word or phrase. • In this case, a semicolon always comes beforethe transitional word or phrase, and a comma always comes afterit: • Some college students receive grants; however, others must take out loans. • He had a miserable time at the party; in addition, he lost is wallet.

12. Transitional words and phrases • Adding a transitional word or phrase makes the connection between ideas in a sentence clearer and more precise than it would be if the ideas were linked with just a semicolon. • Different transitional words and phrases convey different meanings.

13. Transitional words and phrases • Some signal addition(also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, etc.): • I have a lot on my mind; also, I have a lot of things to do. • Some make causalconnections(therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, etc.): • I have a lot on my mind; therefore, it is hard to concentrate.

14. Transitional words and phrases • Some indicate contradiction or contrast(nevertheless, however, in contrast, still, etc.): • I have a lot on my mind; still, I have a lot of things to do. • Some present alternatives(instead, on the contrary, otherwise, etc.): • I have a lot on my mind; otherwise, I could relax. • I will try not to think; instead, I will relax. • Some indicate time sequence(eventually, finally, at the same time, later, meanwhile, now, subsequently, then, etc.): • I have a lot on my mind; meanwhile, I still have work to do.

15. Review • A compound sentence is made up of ______ ___________________________________. • Coordinating conjunctions ______ two ideas of equal importance and describe ______ ______________ between two ideas. • An acronym you can use to remember coordinating conjunctions is _____________.

16. Review • You can also use a __________ to connect clauses whose ideas are closely linked. • When using a transitional word or phrase, a __________ always comes before the word/ phrase and a ________ always comes after.