EECS 373 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems Prabal Dutta University of Michigan

1. EECS 373 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems Prabal Dutta University of Michigan Lecture 1: Introduction September 7, 2010

2. What is an embedded system?

4. Embedded, everywhere

5. What is driving the embedded everywhere explosion?

6. Outline Technology Trends Design Questions Course Administrivia

7. Number Crunching Data Storage Mainframe Minicomputer productivity interactive Workstation PC Laptop CPSD Bell’s Law of Computer Classes:A new computing class roughly every decade log (people per computer) streaming information to/from physical world year “Roughly every decade a new, lower priced computer class forms based on a new programming platform, network, and interface resulting in new usage and the establishment of a new industry.” Adapted from D. Culler

8. Moore’s Law:IC transistor count doubles every two years Photo Credit: Intel

9. Flash memory scaling:Rise of density & volumes; Fall (and rise) of prices

10. Hendy’s “Law”:Pixels per dollar doubles annually Credit: Barry Hendy/Wikipedia

11. MEMS Accelerometers:Rapidly falling price and power O(mA) Price Power 25 µA @ 25 Hz ADXL345 [Analog Devices, 2009] 10 µA @ 10 Hz @ 6 bits [ST Microelectronics, annc. 2009]

12. 1mm Drive 0.01Å Sense MEMS Gyroscope Chip J. Seeger, X. Jiang, and B. Boser

13. Energy harvesting and storage:Small doesn’t mean powerless… RF [Intel] Clare Solar Cell Thin-film batteries Shock Energy Harvesting CEDRAT Technologies Electrostatic Energy Harvester [ICL] Piezoelectric [Holst/IMEC] Thermoelectric Ambient Energy Harvester [PNNL]

14. Bell’s Law, Take 2:Corollary to the Laws of Scale 15x size decrease 40x transistors 55x smaller λ UMich Phoenix Processor Introduced 2008 Initial clock speed 106 kHz @ 0.5V Vdd Number of transistors 92,499 Manufacturing technology 0.18 µ Photo credits: Intel, U. Michigan

15. Outline Technology Trends Design Questions Course Administrivia

16. Learning happens when assumptions are challenged and invalidated, so…

17. Mobile phones: the most successful technology ever

18. What happened elsewhere now happens on the phone

19. What happens when you press the power switch on your mobile phone?

20. Mobile phone system architecture

21. What’s inside a DSL modem?

22. What’s inside a DSL Modem? 1. Telephone decoupling electronics (for ADSL). 2. Multicolor LED (displaying network status). 3. Single color LED (displaying USB status). 4. Main processor, a TNETD7300GDU, TI ARM7. 5. JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) port. 6. RAM, a single ESMT M12L64164A 8 MB chip. 7. Flash memory, obscured by sticker. 8. Power supply regulator. 9. Main power supply fuse. 10. Power connector. 11. Reset button. 12. Quartz crystal. 13. Ethernet port. 14. Ethernet transformer, Delta LF8505. 15. KS8721B Ethernet PHY. 16. USB port. 17. Telephone (RJ11) port. 18. Telephone connector fuses.

23. Why study 32-bit MCUs and FPGAs?

24. MCU-32 and PLDs are tied in embedded market share

25. Why study the ARM architecture (and the Cortex-M3 in particular)?

26. Lots of manufacturers ship ARM products

27. What differentiates these products from one another?

28. The difference is… Peripherals Peripherals Peripherals

29. A embedded systems design example: Turning the mobile phone into an oscilloscope

30. Integrating power, data, and processing 1” x 1”

31. Outline Technology Trends Design Questions Course Administrivia

32. Instructional Staff(see homepage for contact info, office hours) Prabal Dutta Thomas Schmid Matt Smith Ye-Sheng “Sam” Kuo

33. Prerequisites • EECS 270: Introduction to Logic Design • Combinational and sequential logic design • Logic minimization, propagation delays, timing • EECS 280: Programming and Intro Data Structures • C programming • Algorithms (e.g. sort) and data structures (e.g. lists) • EECS 370: Introduction to Computer Organization • Basic computer architecture • CPU control/datapath, memory, I/O • Compiler, assembler

34. Course Syllabus (tentative) • See course homepage: • http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~prabal/teaching/eecs373-f10 • Roughly • 50%: Lab-centric • 50%: Project-centric • Labs • FPGA + Hardware Tools • MCU + Software Tools • Memory + Memory-Mapped I/O • Interrupts • Timers and Counters • Serial Bus Interfacing • Data Converters (e.g. ADCs/DACs) • Wireless Communications

35. Labs • Start TODAY! • Tutorials to familiarize you ARM, Actel tools • Should be fun • Learn how to sensor/control physical world • Build hardware (include PCBs) • Should be instructive • Program in Verilog • Program in C, and assembly • Learn debugging skills • Learn how to interface peripherals to the CPU/MCU • Are challenging and time-consuming - plan ahead

36. Open-ended Project • Goal: learn how to build embedded systems • By building an embedded system • Work in teams • Pick a problem of your own interest • Meet with instructors to discuss other ideas • Should be related to the class and emphasize topics • Scope of project must grow with size of team

37. Exams • Midterm (October 21, 2010) • Emphasize problem solving fundamentals • Final (Date TBD) • Cumulative topics • Minute Quizzes • Short, Random • Over previous day’s material

38. Grading

39. Questions? Comments? Discussion?