1 / 36

Toxicology: A History

Toxicology: A History. History of Drugs and the Legislation made to control them. Before we can learn History…. We need to learn drug classifications and categories. Drug categories:. Depressants Stimulants Hallucinogens Date-rape drugs Steroids. Depressants .

ping
Download Presentation

Toxicology: A History

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Toxicology: A History History of Drugs and the Legislation made to control them

  2. Before we can learn History… • We need to learn drug classifications and categories

  3. Drug categories: • Depressants • Stimulants • Hallucinogens • Date-rape drugs • Steroids

  4. Depressants • Depressants slow down your central nervous system to make you sleepy and lethargic

  5. Types of Depressants: • Alcohol- the most commonly abused drug • Alcohol is physically addictive with dangerous withdrawal symptoms

  6. Alcohol Blood Levels • As the blood level rises, the toxic effects become more pronounced • 0.03% = giddy emotions • 0.08% = legal limit- coordination, reaction time, and judgment decline • 0.12% = nausea and vomiting • 0.25% = likely to enter coma • 0.30% = Deep Coma • 0.40% = Death

  7. Types of Depressants • Opiates: chemicals derived from the sap of poppies

  8. Opiates • Opiates: • Are Narcotic Sedatives (sleep producing) • Are Analgesics (pain relieving) • Produce: • Euphoria • Lethargy • Coma and Death (in large doses)

  9. Examples of opiates: • Morphine • Codeine • Heroine • Hydrocodone (vicodine) • Oxycodone (oxycotton) • Methadone

  10. Barbiturates • Derived from barbituric acid and used as sleeping pills and anti-seizure medicine • Most common form: phenobarbital

  11. Stimulants • Stimulants increase alertness, lessen fatigue, and suppress appetite. • With continued use, they cause: irritability, anxiousness, aggressive behavior, paranoia, fatigue, and depression

  12. Stimulant side effects: • Tachyphylaxis- the body gets used to the drug and lessens the effect. In order to get high, the user must take more and more

  13. Type of Stimulants • Amphetamines- increases the levels of hormones in the body • Meth (methamphetamines)

  14. Examples of Stimulants: • Xanthine (Xanax) • Caffeine • Nicotine • Meth • Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine • Adderall • MDA and MDMA • Cocaine

  15. Hallucinogens • Alter perceptions and mood, lead to delusional thinking, and cause hallucinations

  16. Hallucination v. delusion • Hallucination: sensoryexperience that isn’t real and may affect any or all of the senses • Delusion: false beliefs that have little or no basis in reality

  17. Types of Hallucinogens: • Marijuana • Cacti and Mushrooms • Chemicals

  18. Marijuana • Most commonly used and mildest hallucinogen • Derived from the Cannabis sativaplant • Active Ingredient: Tetrahydrocannibinol(THC)

  19. Cacti and Mushrooms • Peyote- small Mexican cactus used in Native American rituals • Mushrooms- possession isn’t illegal, but use is

  20. Chemicals • Made in a laboratory • Common chemicals: • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide(LSD) • Phencyclidine (PCP)

  21. Date-Rape Drugs • Cause: • Sedation • Compliance • Poor Judgment • Memory Loss

  22. Common Date-Rape Drugs • Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) • Ecstasy • GHB • Ketamine

  23. Steroids • Appear natural in small amounts • Cause muscle growth, increased strength, and improved reflexes when taken in large amounts

  24. Negative effects of Steroids • Hair Loss • Impotence • Liver Damage • Aggressive Behavior

  25. Controlled Substances Act • 1970 act- made manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain substances regulated

  26. Schedule I controlled substance • High potential for abuse • No accepted medical use • Lack of safety for use of the drug

  27. Examples of Schedule I • GHB • Heroin • LSD • Marijuana • Mescaline

  28. Schedule II controlled substance • High potential for abuse • Has a currently accepted medical use • Abuse of drug may lead to dependence

  29. Examples of Schedule II • Cocaine • Opium • Oxycodone • Morphine • Adderall • Vicodin

  30. Schedule III controlled substance • Has potential for abuse less than other drugs in I and II • Currently accepted as medical treatment • Abuse may lead to moderate or low dependence

  31. Examples of Schedule III • Anabolic Steroids • Ketamine • Codeine when mixed with pain killer

  32. Schedule IV controlled substance • Low potential for abuse • Currently accepted as medical treatment • Lead to limited dependence

  33. Examples of Schedule IV • Phenobarbital • Nuvigil (stimulant)

  34. Schedule V controlled substance • Low potential for abuse (lower than any other schedule) • Currently accepted as medical treatment • Very limited dependence

  35. Examples of Schedule V • Cough suppressants with codeine

More Related