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Medical terminology

Chapter 5: Respiratory System. Medical terminology. Chapter 5 Abbreviations. BS CF COPD PE SIDS TB URI PCN. = breath sounds = cystic fibrosis = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease = pulmonary embolism = sudden infant death syndrome = tuberculosis

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Medical terminology

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  1. Chapter 5: Respiratory System Medical terminology

  2. Chapter 5 Abbreviations • BS • CF • COPD • PE • SIDS • TB • URI • PCN = breath sounds = cystic fibrosis = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease = pulmonary embolism = sudden infant death syndrome = tuberculosis = upper respiratory infection (common cold) = penicillin

  3. Chapter 5 Abbreviations • ABG’s • CO2 • HHN • O2 • PF • Pulse ox • RT • SOB = arterial blood gases = carbon dioxide = hand held nebulizer = oxygen = peak flow = pulse oximetry = respiratory therapy = short of breath

  4. Chapter 5 Abbreviations • DNR • DOA • I & D • T & A • VAT = do not resuscitate = dead on arrival = incision and drainage = tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy = video assisted thoracotomy

  5. The Respiratory System • The Function • The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and body cells (called respiration or breathing) • Internal & External Respiration • Consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

  6. The Respiratory System • Organs of the Respiratory System • Nose • Lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air • Nasal Septum: partition separating the right and left nasal cavities • Paranasal sinuses: air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities • Pharynx • Serves as a food and air passageway (also called throat) • Air= nose, pharynx, larynx • Food=mouth, pharynx, esophagus

  7. The Respiratory System • Adenoids: lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity • Tonsils: lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth • Larynx • Locationof the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called voice box) • Epiglottis: flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing • Trachea • Passageway for air to the bronchi (also called windpipe)

  8. The Respiratory System • Bronchus (pl. bronchi) • One of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branching resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree • Bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the tree • Alveolus (pl. alveoli): air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. O2 & CO2 are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

  9. The Respiratory System • Lungs • Two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes • Pleura • Double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity, which contains serous fluid

  10. The Respiratory System

  11. The Respiratory System

  12. Word Parts for Respiratory System Combining Form Definition • adenoid/o • alveol/o • bronchi/o, bronch/o • diaphragmat/o, • epiglott/o • laryng/o • lob/o • nas/o, rhin/o • adenoids • alveolus • bronchus • diaphragm • epiglottis • larynx • lobe • nose

  13. Word Parts forRespiratory System Combining Form Definition • pharyng/o • pleur/o • pneum/o, pneumon/o • pulmon/o • sept/o • sinus/o • thorac/o • tonsill/o • trache/o • pharynx • pleura • lung, air • lung • septum (wall of, fence) • sinus • thorax (chest) • tonsil • trachea

  14. Word Parts Commonly Used with Respiratory System Combining Form Definition • atel/o • capn/o • hem/o, hemat/o • muc/o • orth/o • ox/i, ox/o • phon/o • py/o • spir/o • imperfect, incomplete • carbon dioxide • blood • mucus • straight • oxygen • sound, voice • pus • breathe, breathing

  15. Word Parts forRespiratory System Prefix Definition • a-, an- • endo- • eu- • pan- • poly- • tachy- • absence of, without • within • normal, good • all, total • many, much • fast, rapid

  16. Word Parts forRespiratory System Suffix Definition • -algia • -ar, -ary, -eal • -cele • -centesis • -ectasis • -emia • -graphy • pain • pertaining to • hernia or protrusion • surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle) • stretching out, dilatation, expansion • blood condition • process of recording, radiographic imaging

  17. Word Parts for Respiratory System Suffix Definition • -meter • -metry • -pexy • -pnea • -rrhagia • -scope • -scopic • -scopy • instrument used to measure • measurement • surgical fixation, suspension • breathing • rapid flow of blood • instrument used for visual examination • pertaining to visual examination • visual examination

  18. Word Parts forRespiratory System Suffix Definition • -spasm • -stenosis • -stomy • -thorax • -tomy • sudden, involuntary muscle contraction • constriction or narrowing • creation of an artificial opening • chest • cut into or incision

  19. Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • adenoiditis • alveolitis • atelectasis • bronchiectasis • bronchitis • bronchogenic carcinoma • bronchopneumonia • inflammation of the adenoids • inflammation of the alveolus • incomplete expansion (of the lung) • dilation of the bronchi • inflammation of the bronchi • cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus • diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (usually caused by infection)

  20. Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • diaphragmatocele • epiglottitis • hemothorax • laryngitis • laryngotracheo-bronchitis (LTB) • lobar pneumonia • hernia of the diaphragm • inflammation of the epiglottis • blood in the chest (pleural space) • inflammation of the larynx • inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi • pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lungs)

  21. Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • nasopharyngitis • pansinusitis • pharyngitis • pleuritis • pneumonia • inflammation of the nose and pharynx • inflammation of all sinuses • inflammation of the pharynx • inflammation of the pleura (pleurisy) • diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, andHaemophilus; viruses; and fungi)

  22. Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • pneumonitis • pneumothorax • pulmonary neoplasm • pyothorax • rhinitis • inflammation of the lung • air in the chest, which causes collapse of the lung (often a result of an open chest wound) • pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth • pus in the chest (pleural space) • inflammation of the (mucous) membranes (nose)

  23. Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • rhinomycosis • rhinorrhagia • thoracalgia • tonsillitis • tracheitis • tracheostenosis • abnormal condition of fungus in the nose • rapid flow of blood from the nose (also called epistaxis) • pain in the chest • inflammation of the tonsils • inflammation of the trachea • narrowing of the trachea

  24. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • asthma • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks • a progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult. • Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main components of COPD, but it may also be caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking

  25. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • croup • epistaxis • influenza • condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness and stridor. • It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Mainly in children • nosebleed (rhinorrhagia) • highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus (also called flu)

  26. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) • pleural effusion • upper respiratory infection • repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure • fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma • infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)

  27. Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • adenoidectomy • adenotome • bronchoplasty • laryngectomy • larynoplasty • laryngostomy • laryngotracheotomy • excision of the adenoids • surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids • surgical repair of a bronchus • excision of the larynx • surgical repair of the larynx • creation of an artificial opening into the larynx • incision of the larynx and trachea

  28. Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • lobectomy • pleuropexy • pneumonectomy • rhinoplasty • septoplasty • septotomy • sinusotomy • thoracocentesis • excision of a lobe (0f the lung) • surgical fixation of the pleura • excision of a lung • surgical repair of the nose • surgical repair of the (nasal) septum • incision into the (nasal) septum • incision of a sinus • surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (thoracentesis)

  29. Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • thoracotomy • tonsillectomy • tracheoplasty • tracheostomy • tracheotomy • incision into the chest cavity • excision of the tonsils • surgical repair of the trachea • creation of an artificial opening into the trachea • incision of the trachea

  30. Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition ENDOSCOPY • bronchoscope • bronchoscopy • endoscope • endoscopic • endoscopy • instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi • visual examination of the bronchi • instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) • pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) • used to describe the practice of performing surgeries that use endoscopes • visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

  31. Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition • laryngoscope • laryngoscopy • thoracoscope • thoracoscopy • instrument used for visual examination of the larynx • visual examination of the larynx • instrument used for visual examination of the thorax • visual examination of the thorax

  32. Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition PULMONARY FUNCTION • capnometer • oximeter • spirometer • spirometry • instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas) • instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood) • instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes) • a measurement of breathing (or lung volumes

  33. Med Terms (not from word parts)Diagnostic Terms Term Definition DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING • chest radiograph (CXR) PULMONARY FUNCTION • Arterial blood gases (ABG’s) • a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (chest x-ray) • a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of O2, CO2, and other gases present

  34. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition • peak flow meter • pulse oximetry • a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung • used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly • a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

  35. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition OTHER • auscultation • percussion • the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope. • Used for assessing and/or diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen • the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained • A dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space

  36. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition • stethoscope • an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

  37. Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • acapnia • alveolar • anoxia • aphonia • apnea • bronchoalveolar • bronchospasm • diaphragmatic • condition of absence (less than normal level) of CO2 (in the blood) • pertaining to the alveolus • condition of absence of oxygen • condition of absence of voice • absence of breathing • pertaining to the bronchi & alveoli • spasmodic contraction in the bronchi • pertaining to the diaphragm (phrenic)

  38. Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • dysphonia • dyspnea • endotracheal • eupnea • hypercapnia • hyperpnea • hypocapnia • hypopnea • hypoxemia • condition of difficult speaking • difficult breathing • pert. to within the trachea • normal breathing • condition of excessive CO2 (in the blood) • excessive breathing • condition of deficient CO2 (in the blood) • deficient breathing • condition of deficient O2 in the blood

  39. Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • hypoxia • intrapleural • laryngeal • laryngospasm • mucoid • mucous • nasopharyngeal • orthopnea • condition of deficient O2 (to the tissues) • pert. to within the pleura • pert. to the larynx • spasmodic contraction of the larynx • resembling mucus • pert. to mucus • pert. to the nose and pharynx • able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position

  40. Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • pulmonary • pulmonologist • pulmonology • rhinorrhea • tachypnea • thoracic • pert. to the lungs • a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung • study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung) • discharge from the nose (as in a cold) • rapid breathing • pert. to the chest

  41. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • airway • aspirate • bronchoconstrictor • bronchodilator • passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed • to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract • agent causing narrowing of the bronchi • agent causing the bronchi to widen

  42. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • cough • hiccup • hyperventilation • hypoventilation • mucopurulent • sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs • sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm (hiccough and singultus) • ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs • ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body’s gas exchange needs • containing both mucus and pus

  43. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • mucus • nebulizer • nosocomial infection • paroxysm • slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes • device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment • an infection acquired during hospitalization • periodic, sudden attack

  44. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • patent • sputum • ventilator • open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi • can be applied to any tubular passageway in the body, as in a patent artery, allowing passage of blood) • mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth • mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

  45. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • auscultatory • inhale • exhale • purulent • normal adult RR • pert. to auscultation • breathe in • breathe out • containing pus • 12-20 breaths per minute

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