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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. PROSPECTS AND BARRIERS FOR THE ADOPTION OF BIOMASS-BASED ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN NIGERIAGideon Baklit (Reader)Department of Geography and planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.Being an LCEDN international conference presentation, at Loughborough University, United Kingdom, April, 4-5th, 2012.

  2. INTRODUCTION • Biomass, a renewable energy source, is a biological material from living, or recently living organisms. • It is any natural substance available, which stores solar energy by the process of photosynthesis in the presence of sun light. It chiefly contains cellulose, hemi cellulose and lignin with an average composition of C6 H10 05. with sunlight variation depending on the nature of biomass.

  3. INTRODUCTION ( Cont…) • Energy either in thermal or electricity forms an essential ingredient of a living society such as Nigeria. • Therefore, expanding access to “modern energy services such as biomass-based electricity is very important to millions of Nigerians who currently have no access, to be aware of the existence as well as the role of low carbon energy technologies in contributing towards addressing that task.

  4. INTRODUCTION ( Cont…) • The need for energy is ever increasing due to technological revolution occurring all over the globe. Hence, there is a pressing need to generate surplus quantum of energy to bridge the supply and demand gap. • This presentation highlights the prospects-potentials of biomass resources, status of biomass energy/access to contemporary biomass energy technologies, Barriers, energy policy, funding, the way forward .

  5. PROSPECTS FOR BIOMASS-BASED ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN NIGERIA • In Nigeria biomasses is widely available, has steady and abundant supply in large quantities but are currently being inefficiently utilized. • Studies have revealed that by virtue of the favourable climatic conditions and the vegetation cover, large quantities of biomass are being generated annually. The estimated quantity and energy values (see table 1) shows that there are various biomass resources available for the development and adoption of biomass-based electricity.

  6. PROSPECTS FOR BIOMASS-BASED ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN NIGERIA (Cont…) • Biomass systems are one of the most promising approaches for electricity generation and achieving off-farm employment especially in rural areas through local value added processing (BUN,1993). • An expert once said that; “Biomass has been and continuous to be in many countries, the main energy source for subsistence activities such as, cooking, heating and lighting(CHL). Three thousand million people in the developing countries are still dependent on this energy source.”(Gustavo, 1993).

  7. PROSPECTS FOR BIOMASS-BASED ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN NIGERIA (Cont…) Table1: Estimated Quantity and Energy Values of Biomass Resources.

  8. PROSPECTS FOR BIOMASS-BASED ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN NIGERIA (Cont…) • Table 1 illustrates that 39.1 and 11.244 million metric tons of fuel wood and agro-wastes are generated annually. These resources have energy values of 531.0 and 147.7 thousand MJ respectively.

  9. STATUS OF BIOMASS ENERGY IN NIGERIA • Only improved stoves and bio digesters have been developed in few localities. For instance University of Nigeria Nsuka and Usman Dan Fodiosokoto have developed improved stoves. While bio digester plants of 10m3,20m3 and 30m3 capacity have been developed at Enugu and Ogun States (May flower secondary school) and NAPRI, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State. • However, the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) recently signed a N414 billion biomass deal in January, 2012 with Global bio fuels Limited for the construction of 15 integrated bio fuel plants in 15 states in Nigeria.

  10. STATUS OF BIOMASS ENERGY IN NIGERIA (Cont…) • It is envisaged that 30mw of cheap and clean bio fuel generated electricity and ethanol will be produced using sweet sorghum. This is possible because research work have revealed that Ilemeso can produce 3-5 metric tons of sweet sorghum grains, 55-85 metric tons of stalks and 10-12 green leaves per hecter in one cropping season of 120 days (Daily Trust, 4th January ,2012).

  11. BARRIERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF BIOMASS-BASED ELECTRICITY • Technological incapability. Environmentally sound technologies such as Biomass Integrated Gasifiers or Gas Turbine Combine Cycle (BIG/GTCC) are not available. For instance, Nigeria does not have access to technologies like 100kwe Talbots Biomass Generator of the United Kingdom. • Funding is a major barrier and is also responsible for the lack of access to existing or available state-of-the –art biomass-based electricity generating plants. • Low level of public awareness of the potential of biomass for electricity generation

  12. BARRIERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF BIOMASS-BASED ELECTRICITY (Cont…) • Lack of a dynamic electricity production policy. Over the years so much attention has been given to centralised Hydro-Electricity generation without achieving satisfactory results. • Absence of sustainable scientific pilot project execution Network, or global partnership such as, Low Carbon Energy for Development Network (LCEDN).Where partnerships exists, opportunities will be available for training, capacity building, Research and Development (R and D), to produce the desired skilful manpower which is also not available.

  13. THE WAY FORWARD • To ensure universal access to modern energy services-biomass electricity requires a lot of commitments by all stakeholders. • Partnership to support Low Carbon Energy for development should be established in developed and less developed countries. • Strategic and sustainable funding, capacity building and the acquisition of environmentally sound technologies such as UNEP‘s Bali Strategic plan for capacity building and Technological support, should be put in place to promote development and adoption of biomass-based electricity.

  14. CONCLUSION Nigeria is blessed with abundant and steady supply of Biomass resourcesannually which are currently inefficiently used. Yet the status of biomass-based energy is very low. The prospects for the development and adoption of biomass-based electricity are quite high or promising, but there are some key barriers militating against it. There is need for environmentally sound technological support, to raise the level of awareness among the people and build capacity of stakeholders to convert biomass into electricity.

  15. REFERENCES • BUN (1985). Biomass Users Network: Objectives. • BUN (1993) NETWORK NEWS,VL.4 No.5 • CRED (2007). Promoting Renewable Energy Efficiency in Nigeria. Report of a One- Day Conference Held at the University of Calabar, Organised by Community Research and Development Centre. • Sambo A.S. (2009). Strategic Developments in Renewable Energy in Nigeria. Published by International Association for Energy Economics. • Daily Trust (2012). FG, Global Bio Fuels Sign N414bn Biomass Deal. • Daily Trust (2011). 1st Renewable Energy Investment Forum, Abuja, Nigeria. Bank of Industry: BOI/UNDP Access to Renewable Energy Project. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass. Biomass. Retrieved on the 20th February, 2012.)

  16. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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