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Nuclear Power : An inevitable option for sustainable development

Nuclear Power : An inevitable option for sustainable development. IAEA Scientific Forum 2007 on Global Challenges and Development of Atomic Energy, Vienna September 18-19 , 2007. Anil Kakodkar, Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, India. Evolving paradigm.

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Nuclear Power : An inevitable option for sustainable development

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  1. Nuclear Power : An inevitable option for sustainable development IAEA Scientific Forum 2007 on Global Challenges and Development of Atomic Energy, Vienna September 18-19 , 2007 Anil Kakodkar, Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, India

  2. Evolving paradigm • Greater confidence in developing societies moving up on the socio-economic development path • Vastly enhanced energy demand and buying power • Sustainability of energy resources (even Uranium in once-through mode inadequate) • Global environment on the cliff edge

  3. Indian target - in global context(Source of data: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007) Target: 7000 TW(e)h + Requirement for fossil fluid fuel replacement

  4. Nature UraniumThorium Fertile Fissile 235U (0.7%) PHWRs LWRs 238U (99.3%) 232Th Conversion in Reactor Reprocessing of Spent Fuel 233U Thorium Fuelled Reactors- AHWRs, FBRs, HTRs, MSRs 239Pu FBRs The pathways for utilisation of nuclear fuel resources • Thorium cannot straightway be used as nuclear fuel as it has no fissile isotopes. • Fast Breeder Reactors operating with Plutonium as fuel, produce more Plutonium than they consume.

  5. Development of an optimum strategy for utilisation of given nuclear resources 300 GWe for more than 250 yrs from FBRs using Plutonium-thorium and from reactors using thorium-233U 174 GWe for 10-12 yrs from FBRs using recycled uranium & Plutonium Th-U233 MSRs Th-Pu based FBRS Optimum time for introduction of thorium on large scale 10 GWe for 40 yrs from PHWRs using uranium in once-through cycle RU-Pu based FBRS Nat. U PHWRS (After introduction of short-doubling-time FBRs)

  6. Safety Environment Non-Proliferation (Technology solutions backed up by institutional control and responsible behaviour) Enhanced security risk to future generations in case of direct disposal of spent fuel (Plutonium mines) Tensions due to energy insecurity Global Nuclear Renaissance • Reformation of global thinking necessary • Consensus on closed nuclear fuel cycle Risks v/s However, inclusive partnerships on objective, reliable and predictable basis with holistic mutual understanding and trust is a pre-requisite

  7. Thank You

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