Unit 1 Tennessee Prior to Statehood

1. Unit 1Tennessee Prior to Statehood Overview: Students will examine the origins of Tennessee and American Indians native to the region, the reasons for the settlement of Tennessee, Tennessee’s role in the American Revolution, and Tennessee’s first attempt at statehood. 

2. 5.26 - Yuchi & Tennessee • Explain how the name “Tennessee” originated from the Yuchi language, referring to where the rivers come together. (C, G, H, T) • Essential Question: • How did the name “Tennessee” originate from the Yuchi language? (mc) • Supporting Questions: • Who were the Yuchi people? (mc) • What does the name “Tennessee” mean? (mc)

3. 5.26 - Yuchi & Tennessee • Let's read the passage, "Yuchi, Cherokee, and Tanase," to find out the answers to our essential and supporting questions. • We will fill in the study guide together.

4. 5.26 - Yuchi & Tennessee • How did the name “Tennessee” originate from the Yuchi language? - Tenase was originally Cherokee village in E. TN area • Who were the Yuchi people? - Indian tribe from E. TN, part of Cherokee • What does the name “Tennessee” mean? - "where two rivers come together" (not for sure)

5. 5.27 - Indigenous settlements • 5.27 - Identify the cultures of the major indigenous settlements in Tennessee, including: the Paleo (Coats-Hines Site), Archaic, Woodland (Old Stone Fort, Pinson Mounds), and Mississippian (Chucalissa Indian Village). (C, G, H, T) • Essential Question: • What were some of the cultures of the major indigenous settlements in Tennessee? (matching) • Supporting Questions: • How were these groups similar/different? (short ans – choose 2 tribes to compare...what are similarities between groups)

6. 5.27 - Indigenous settlements Hunted large animals and gatherers, eat meat & plants, stone tools, no pottery Hunted small animals, stone tools including spears, cave drawings, fished in TN rivers Mounds used for religious purposes, planted crops in community, first of permanent settlements, pottery First to grow corn, mounds as village center, art artifacts (statues)

7. 5.28 - Tennessee Indians • 5.28 - Identify the pre-colonial American Indian tribes residing in Tennessee (e.g., Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, and Shawnee), and analyze their various customs and traditions. (C, E, G, H, T) • Essential Question: • What American Indian tribes resided in TN before colonial times? (multiple select) • Supporting Questions: • Where was each tribe located in TN? (map – label with coordinating letter) • What were the various customs and traditions of each tribe? (matching)

8. 5.28 - Tennessee Indians • Identify where each pre-colonial American Indian Tribe resided in Tennessee. Shawnee Cherokee Chickasaw Creek (Mississippi)

9. 5.28 - Tennessee Indians • What were some of the various customs and traditions of  each tribe? Small villages near rivers, houses made of mud and logs, summer & winter homes, council house, 7 clans, children trained by adults,  stickball Summer & winter houses, council house, hunted, fished, gathered crops, traded with other tribes (deerskins) Stayed in one place (not nomatic), tribal councils, land ownership, thatched huts to live in, ceremonial shrines as town center, grew corn and wheat Semi-nomatic, lived in wigwams (birchbark houses), hunted buffalo, deer, wild turkeys, grew corn, beans, pumpkins, & nuts, used bow & arrow to hunt 

10. Indian Homes Chickasaw Winter & Summer Homes Shawnee Wigwam Creek Thatched Hut Cherokee log/mud home

11. 5.29 - Migration into TEnnessee • Explain how the Cumberland Gap and Wilderness Road influenced migration into the Tennessee region following the Proclamation of 1763. (C, G, H, P, T) • Essential Question: • How did the Cumberland Gap and Wilderness Road influence migration into the TN region following the Proclamation of 1763? (mc) • Supporting Questions: • Where were the Cumberland Gap & Wilderness Road located? (choose coordinating letter on map of tn) • What was the Proclamation of 1763? (fill-in-the-blank with word bank) _____ passed the Proclamation of 1763 that stated ____________ could not cross west over the _____________ mountains. --bank has 2 mountain ranges and 2 people

12. 5.29 - Migration into Tennessee • In 1775, the now-legendary frontiersman Daniel Boone blazed a trail through the Cumberland Gap - a notch in the Appalachian Mountains located near the intersection of Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee - through the interior of Kentucky and to the Ohio River.  • Known as the Wilderness Road, the trail would serve as the pathway to the western United States for some 300,000 settlers over the next 35 years. Boone’s pioneering path led to the establishment of the first settlements in Kentucky

13. 5.29 - Migration into Tennessee Cumberland Gap & Wilderness Road https://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-itm-001&hsimp=yhs-001&hspart=itm&p=wilderness+road+cumberland+gap#id=3&vid=0039ec8910a7ffb149c5f28c520495f8&action=click

14. 5.29 - Migration into Tennessee • The Proclamation of 1763  • King George III declared all lands west of the Appalachian Divide off-limits to colonial settlers.  • King George III didn’t want settlers to cross App. Mtns. into TN territory

15. 5.30 • Explain the significance of the Watauga Settlement on Tennessee history, including the following: Watauga Compact, Dragging Canoe, John Sevier, and Nancy Ward. (C, E, G, H, P, T) • Essential Question: • What was the significance of the Watauga Settlement on TN history? (mc) • Supporting Questions: • What was the Watauga Compact? (fill-in-blank with watauga compact as answer) • How did the following people influence the Watauga Settlement (matching) • Dragging Canoe, John Sevier, Nancy Ward

16. 5.30 - Watauga Settlement • Watauga Settlement- Most of the first settlers came from Virginia through the Holston, Watauga, and Nolichucky rivers. The first settler was William Bean and his family in 1769. Later, James Robertson came to East Tennessee and brought 16 families with him. These settlements created two forts, Easton's Station and Watauga Fort. To make peace with the Cherokee Indians, representatives from the forts brought goods to exchange for permission to live on the Watauga River for 10 years. • Watauaga Compact- The agreement signed in 1792 was the first independent government in America. It was an elected group of 5 men for settling disputes and keeping records. It went against King George III.

17. 5.30 - People of the Watauga Settlement • Dragging Canoe- the Cherokee chief's son who didn't like the idea of selling Cherokee land to the settlers. He made a speech against the selling of the land and it foreshadowed times to come. He and several angry tribesmen formed a new tribe called the Chickamaugans.  • Nancy Ward- a Cherokee woman who warned the settlers of Dragging Canoe's plan to attack them. Because of her warning, settlers were able to make it to forts for safety. As an important woman in the Cherokee tribe, she saved the life of Lydia Bean, the wife of William Bean, who was captured during a raid. • John Sevier- one of the first settlers in East Tennessee area and eventually became the first governor of Tennessee. He saved the life of Catherine Sherrill during a raid on Watauga Fort. She later would become his wife. He helped raise a group of fighters for the Revolutionary War who were known as the "Overmountain Men."

18. 5.31 - Cumberland Settlements • Describe the founding of and the obstacles faced with the establishment of the Cumberland Settlements, including: the Battle of the Bluffs, John Donelson, and James Robertson. (E, G, H, P, T) • Essential Question: • What obstacles did settlers face with the establishment of the Cumberland Settlements? (multiple select) • Supporting Questions: • Explain the founding of the Cumberland Settlements. (true false statements about settlements) • Know how each of the following contributed to the Cumberland Settlements: (fill-in-blank with word bank) • Battle of the Bluffs, John Donelson, & James Robertson

19. 5.31 - Obstacles Facing Cumberland Settlements • Chapter 6 & 7 • Crossing over the Cumberland Gap was difficult. (Video Clip) • Life west of the Appalachian was difficult. Early settlers had little more than horses, guns, axes, and survival skills. • Settlers had to cut down trees and build their houses when they arrived where they wanted to settle. They had to start planting crops for food. • Each settlement worked together to build a fort for protection from attacks.

20. 5.31 - Founding of the Cumberland Settlements • Richard Henderson and Daniel Boone came up with a plan to purchase land from the Cherokee so that settlers could begin moving into Middle Tennessee and central Kentucky. • This purchase of land was called the Transylvania Purchase. The Cherokee did not live on this land but used it for hunting. • However, Dragging Canoe & the Chickamaugans were against the selling of the Cherokee land, and they  waged war on settlers in small villages along the Tennessee River.   • Eventually, this fighting became known as  the Cherokee War of 1776.  After Nancy Ward's warning of the Cherokee attack, settlers left their homes and moved into forts, such as the Watauga Fort.  The war was fought on the frontier, amongst small groups of settlers and warriors, and the battles involved hand to hand combat. The settlers won most of the battles, and the war ended after a few months. 

21. 5.31 - Founding of the Cumberland Settlements • James Robertson – He led a group of settlers to Middle Tennessee, specifically to a place called French Lick.  Upon arrival, his men built a fort, which later became the fort involved in the Battle of the Bluffs.   • John Donelson - Led 300 settlers to French Lick through the Cumberland Gap on flatboats through the river. Daughter, Rachel, was with him and eventually married Andrew Jackson. Donelson and his group were attacked by Chickagaugans led by Dragging Canoe. 33 members of the "Donelson Party" died along the way. • Battle of the Bluffs – Creek warriors attacked a fort at French Lick in April 1781.  The warriors approached the fort, fired short, then ran.  The men inside the fort chased the warriors; however, while they were gone, a larger group of Creeks attacked the fort.  The women and children inside were left to defend themselves.  A woman named Charlotte Robertson, wife of James Robertson, thought to release the settlers' dogs on the Creeks, which saved the fort.  This fort later became known as Nashville.

22. 5.32 - Battle of Kings Mountain • Explain the importance of Tennesseans (i.e., Overmountain Men) in the Battle of Kings Mountain during the American Revolution. (G, H, P, T) • Essential Question: • What was the importance of the Overmountain Men in the Battle of Kings Mountain? Use evidence from the article to support your answer. (mc) • Supporting Questions: • Who were the Overmountain Men? (short ans) • List two reasons with evidence why the Overmountain Men won the battle. 

23. 5.32 - BATTLE OF KINGS MOUNTAIN • Who were the Overmountain Men? • Led by John Sevier, these men were rebellious forces from TN & VA who fought against the British in the Revolutionary War. They earned their name because they came from "over the mountain" to fight in the war. They had no prior military experience but had excellent musket gun skills from fighting Native Americans.  • Battle of Kings Mountain • Colonial forces split up and surround Kings Mountain. They yelled from the bottom of the mountain and charged up firing their guns at the British army. They hid behind trees to reload their guns which acted as protection from the British. Colonial forces won and this was considered the turning part of the Revolutionary War. • The British lost 244 men, 688 captured, & 163 were wounded. The Colonial Forces only lost 29 members and 58 were wounded. • Video • Virtual Tour of King's Mountain

24. 5.33 • Identify the Lost State of Franklin as Tennessee’s first attempt at statehood and explain the reasons for its failure. (G, H, P, T) • Essential Question: • What are the reasons why Tennessee's first attempt at statehood failed? • Supporting Questions: • Where was the lost state of Franklin located? (map with letters) • What factors contributed to the failure of the establishment of the Lost State of Franklin? (multiple select)

25. 5.33 - Lost State of Franklin • The Lost State of Franklin • People west of the Appalachian Mountains needed better protection and better services than they were getting from the government of North Carolina.  • People west of the Appalachian Mountains tried to form a new state. They met in Jonesborough and renamed it "Franklin" after Benjamin Franklin. They elected John Sevier as the first governor. • The State of Franklin did things that governments were supposed to do: • Collecting taxes, • Issuing marriage licenses, • And a system of monetary exchange (barter system) using deer and squirrel hides. • Virtual tour of the state of Franklin

26. 5.33 - Failing to Become a state • The Failure to become a State • The state of Franklin was never accepted as a state and failed to become a state in the United States. It failed because: • Not enough states agreed to accept Franklin as a state. Nine of the 13 states had to agree to accept Franklin as a state.  • The biggest obstacle in gaining statehood was because North Carolina opposed Franklin becoming a state. • Because the state of Franklin wasn't accepted and because it was part of the "territory south-west of the River Ohio," or Southwest Territory, it was broken into two districts: the Washington District (present-day Northeast TN) and the Mero District (Middle TN).

27. 5.34 • Locate the Territory South of the River Ohio (i.e., Southwest Territory), identify its leaders, and explain how it was the first step to Tennessee’s statehood. (G, H, P, T) • Essential Question: How did the Southwest Territory contribute to Tennessee becoming a state? • Supporting Questions: • Where was another name for the Southwest Territory? • Who were the leaders of the territory?

28. 5.34 - The Southwest Territory • The Southwest Territory • The Southwest Territory was to the west of the original colonies. • The "territory south-west of the River Ohio," or Southwest Territory, it was broken into two districts: the Washington District (present-day Northeast TN) and the Mero District (Middle TN).

29. 5.34- Important people of Southwest Territory

30. 5.34 - Steps to Become a state • The Steps to become a State • There had to be at least a population of 60,000 people . • Eligible voters had to choose to become a state by a margin of 3 to 1. • Delegates were to be elected to write a state constitution and to come up with a name for the state.