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Adaptation of Communal Sector in Central Asia

Adaptation of Communal Sector in Central Asia. Practical Actions & Available Technologies for Pilot Cases in Communal Sector. Kaushik Ghosh 18 June, 2013 Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan. Communal Services Inter-linkage Water, Sanitation & Hygiene. Key Issues to Address.

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Adaptation of Communal Sector in Central Asia

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  1. Adaptation of Communal Sector in Central Asia Practical Actions & Available Technologies for Pilot Cases in Communal Sector Kaushik Ghosh 18 June, 2013 Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

  2. Communal Services Inter-linkage Water, Sanitation & Hygiene

  3. Key Issues to Address How to break the CYCLE? Extreme climatic conditions damage Infrastructure Leading to aridification, water logging, saline contamination, groundwater pollution Creating health risks, and malnutrition Disrupting water, sanitation & hygiene service provisioning Causing fear, anxiety, dependency, trauma Affecting livelihood & social functioning

  4. What to do to break the cycle? How to implement?

  5. Water Infrastructure Rainfall Artificial Catchment Reservoir Tanks ! Treatment Facility Users ! ! Surface Dams, Diversions Large Impoundment ! ! Ground Water Boreholes, Galleries ! Damage & Disruption can occur here

  6. Disaster-proof Water ManagementRainwater Water security from Potential Natural disaster causes Localized positioning of asset (water storage). User in complete control of provisioning Rainwater Harvesting Rainfall Filtration for consumption • Loes plateau – 660,000 km2 of porous & fissure fractured aquifer system. • Provide structure: • Filter mesh • Settlement chamber • Filter bed • Settlement tanks • Recharging Tubewell Groundwater Recharge

  7. Disaster-proof Water ManagementSurface water Water security from Potential Natural disaster causes Localized positioning of asset (water storage). User in complete control of provisioning Water degradation & land degradation avoided Water comes from untreated ground surfaces Surface water Floodwater Harvesting Technique: water dispersion or distribution Storage: in ponds Utilization: Aquifer recharge Within Streambed Through diversion Technique:Liman terraces, & percolation dams Storage: in Reservoirs Utilization: Aquifer recharge AharPynes(Bihar, India) Ahar: catchment basin with embankment in 3 sides Pynes: Artificial channels to carry water to either fields or to storage/filteration tanks

  8. Sanitation Infrastructure Latrines Septic tanks ! Domestic Gravity ! Greywater Rivers / Streams ! Pumped Treatment facility ! Wastewater source ! Storm-water Ground ! ! Pipelines Sludge disposal ! Rivers, streams, … Industrial Industrial Waste ! Damage & Disruption can occur here !

  9. Disaster-proof Sanitation SystemsWorst case scenarios - Communal Latrines:More than a Latrine Prime Objective: Provide dignity to people & reduce risk of feacal matter carried diseases Key Points to remember: Needs of women and children are different from needs of men Cleaning and maintenance of communal latrines often are the biggest affecting sanitation during emergencies. Arrangements must be made for anal cleansing materials at or near all latrines. When a large population group uses a common facility (eg: school, bus station, etc), there is a greater risk of infections. Provide equipment for health and hygine

  10. Disaster-proof Sanitation SystemsDrainage & Treatment Prime Objective: All sanitation systems need proper drainage to be considered safe Gas/Energy Key Points to remember: Onsite Biogas digester Latrines • Any sanitation system can be a source of feacal contamination • Gray water is also a source of infection • Runoffs can occur from sewage systems, mixing with rainwater • Key issues with drainage systems: • Joint faults • Blockages due to solids • Pump fault due to energy disruption Fertilizer Toilet flush Portable Grey-water treatment Grey water Washing irrigation

  11. Integrated Waste Management Hierarchy of different methods Most Preferred Least Preferred

  12. Waste ManagementWaste is a resource

  13. Waste Management ImprovementsIn centralized waste management facilities Thermal decomposition of biomas in an oxygen poor environment with lower pressure. After vaporization of the biomass via thermal decomposition, the vapor is trapped as liquid ‘bio-oil’ that can be then used for energy generation Anaerobic Digestion valid alternative to landfills. Methane generated faster, no leakage, used for energy production Controlled land filling via addition of microbes and leachate recirculation, to increase the speed of decomposition in landfills. Results in shortened landfill gas generation period, increasing yield rates, and mitigating potential disruptions Co-fire biomass and ‘high calorific value fuel for clean burn, reducing ‘CH4 footprint from fossil fuel’ therefore creating sustainable conversion of waste to energy.

  14. Questions

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