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Mental Retardation: a disability category of IDEA

ECED 2060. Mental Retardation: a disability category of IDEA. IDEA: mental retardation. Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that

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Mental Retardation: a disability category of IDEA

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  1. ECED 2060 Mental Retardation:a disability category of IDEA

  2. IDEA: mental retardation Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

  3. Intellectual Functioning (skills) • Reasoning • Planning • Problem solving • Thinking abstractly • Comprehension • Learning • Memory • Generalization • Motivation • Academic achievement

  4. Adaptive Behaviour • -- a collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that have been learned by people in order to function in their everyday lives, such as reading, writing, language, money concepts, self-direction, interpersonal skills, responsibility, self-esteem, gullibility, rules, laws, victimization, eating, mobility, toileting, dressing, preparing meals, house-keeping, transportation, medications, telephone use, etc.

  5. DSM definition (ish): • 1. Significant subaverage intellectual functioning, as measured by standardized testing. Classified by degree of severity: mild (50 – 55 to approximately 70; moderate (35 – 40 to 50 – 55; severe 20 – 25 to 35 to 40; profound below 20 – 25. • 2. Concurrent deficits in adaptive behavior (personal independence; social responsibility) • 3. Age of onset during the developmental period (before 18th birthday)

  6. IQ bell curve; norms; standard deviations:

  7. Individuals with mental retardation represent 1% to 3% of the general population. • Mental retardation is 1.5 times more common in boys than in girls.

  8. There are more than 250 biologic causes of mental retardation, which fall neatly into these categories: • Genetic; chromosomal; metabolic • Perinatal or prenatal incident • Acquired childhood disorders; infections; illnesses; malnutrition • Environmental toxins

  9. However, only ~25% of cases fall into those biologic categories. The other ~75% have unknown causes (~30%) or are traceable to a non-biologic cause (psychosocial and sociocultural factors).

  10. So, here we go (details): • 30% -- cause UNKNOWN • Chromosomal abnormalities • Down Syndrome -- 5 to 6% • William Syndrome • Fragile X Syndrome • Angelman syndrome • Prader-Willisyndrome • Rett Syndrome

  11. Metabolism and nutritional factors • Phenylketonuria • Galactosemia • TaySachs disease • Hunter syndrome • Hurler syndrome • Sanfillipo syndrome • Metachromaticleukodystrophy • Adrenoleukodystrophy • Lesch-Nyhan's syndrome • Reye's syndrome • Congenital hypothyroidism • high bilirubin levels in infants • hypoglycemia

  12. Infection and intoxication • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Maternal infections • congenital rubella • HIV • Toxoplasmosis • drug usage • Prematurity • Low Birth Weight • Rh incompatibility • Encephalitis • Radiation • Meningitis • Congenital cytomegalovirus • Listeriosis • Methylmercury poisoning • Lead poisoning

  13. Postnatal brain disease • Neurofibromatosis • Tuberous Sclerosis • Traumas and physical accidents • Asphyxiation • Anoxia • Seizures • Intracranial hemorrhage • head injury • poisoning • Unknown prenatal influences • Anencephaly • hydrocephalus • Environmental • Malnutrition • Neglect • abuse

  14. A few possible characteristics: ~Failure to meet age-appropriate expectations (norms) ~Delayed development or lack of visual or auditory response ~Delayed development or lack of language development ~Motor delays

  15. Delayed gross and fine motor coordination • However, often ambulatory and capable of independent mobility, unless severe or profound mental retardation • Delayed perceptual motor skills exist (e.g., body awareness, sense of touch, eye-hand coordination) • Awkward or uncontrolled movement

  16. Delays or deviations in speech and language skills (mild to moderate) • (Severe) significant speech and language delays and deviations (such as lack of expressive and receptive language, articulation errors, and little, if any, spontaneous interaction) • (Profound) no spontaneous communication patterns, orecholalicspeech, speech out of context, and purposeless speech

  17. Media, of course • “Special Olympics” • “Kids With Down Syndrome Intro Sequence” • “I Have a Voice”

  18. Local/ National Resources • (See packet)

  19. Early Intervention and Teaching Strategies • (see packet)

  20. ACTIVITY!!!!!! • Get into groups of THREE people. • Get a packet of straws and some tape. • One of you cannot use your preferred hand. • Another cannot use your thumbs. • The other cannot talk. • Make a tower of straws as high as you can. • It cannot be attached to anything – it must be free-standing. • The group with the tallest tower WINS!! • This is just for frustration and to get a feeling of that frustration …

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