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Impact of Acupressure on Dysmenorrhea Among Adolescent Girls. Dr: Sahar Anwar Rizk Dr: Salwa Roushdy Al- Gendy. INTRODUCTION.
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Impact of Acupressure on Dysmenorrhea Among Adolescent Girls Dr: Sahar Anwar Rizk Dr: Salwa Roushdy Al- Gendy
Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological complaint especially for a young women aged 17 -24 years. It may be severe enough to interfere with normal activities causing missed school days and affecting the academic performance .
Treatment of dysmenorrhea includes pharmacological as well as non pharmacological methods . One of the non pharmacological methods is acupressure .
Acupressure is an ancient Chinese healing method that applies pressure to certain meridian points on the body to relive pain. These meridians are pathways start at the pressure point on the skin , connect to the brain, then connect to the organ associated with the specific meridian .
The meridians are distinct channels that circulate electrical energy throughout the body . They are thought to be part of a master communication system of life energy , connecting the organs with all sensory , physiological and emotional aspects of the body .
Acupressure may reduce muscle pain, tension, improve blood circulation and release endorphins . It enables muscle fibers to relax, allows blood to flow more freely & toxins to be released and eliminated.
So, acupressure may reduce menstrual pain and pain medication use . While others mentioned that , there is limited scientific evidence about the effectiveness of acupressure on relief of dysmenorrhea .
There is a rising interest in complementary therapies in midwifery , where non-invasive approach is needed to aid in relieving pain during reproductive period .Complementary therapies become increasingly popular with health care consumers in recent years .
As patients seek information and attempt to take decisions about this therapy , they often turn to nurses and ask their opinion . So, this study in turn pave the way to introduce acupressure in official nursing practice by testing the impact of acupressure on relieving of dysmenorrhea .
The aim of this study is to identify the impact of acupressure on dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls
This study is an experimental study design, where the effect of an independent variable (acupressure ) on a dependent variable (pain intensity ) was measured .
MATERIAL 1)Setting : The study was carried out at King Abd EL-Aziz University (faculty of Nursing ) Jeddah.
2)Subjects : Convenient sample of 50 Saudi nursing student , suffering from primary dysmenorrhea in various degrees , have regular menstruation and free from any medical diseases and accepted to participate in the study were included .
Tools Two tools were used in the study 1-A questioner sheet was developed by the researchers to assess the student information and practices regarding dysmenorrhea .
2-Visual Analogue pain intensity Scale(VAS). It is a self- reported 10 cm straight line which represents the pain intensity, the two opposite ends representing no pain to pain as bad as it could be in between these two phrases , words like mild pain , moderate pain , severe pain , very severe pain are assigned to each 2 cm distance respectively .
METHODS .
Implementation of the study ; -The study group was divided into equally 5 groups 10 student in each. The acupressure session lasted (2-3 hours) each for 2 days.
- In the first session , the researcher explain the general objectives of the subject, the general guideline of the study, then acupressure points, techniques and precautions to be taken before and after the implementation.
Acupressure point Acupoint 15 On the middle finger, just above the nail, on the side closest to the thumb Acupoint 02 Two thumb widths from the largest crease on the inside wrist; the point is between the tendons in the middle of the wrist
Acupoint 13 One palm width below the navel; another point with similar effect can be found two thumb widths below this one Acupoint 05 One palm width above the tip of the inner ankle bone, on the back of the shinbone; often used in combination with acupoint #6
- In the second session the student was sit in a warm quiet room ,then they were asked to inhale deeply into the abdomen ,exhale slowly to relax . -The researcher started to apply finger pressure to each acupressure point gradually and in a steady pressure without movement from 5 seconds to one minute.
-The pressure was applied in a slow rhythmic manner with the tips or ball of fingers . The pressure should not be in the form of massage or jerrying way. -Then the student started acupressure session by detecting the point with a clean warm, trimmed nails and practice the acupressure technique.
The student rotated on 4 points under the supervision of the researcher for about 20 minutes . -If the student hands started to fell tense lighten the pressure a bit . -After acupressure session , the body heat is lowered so, the student is asked to wear extra clothes .
- Evaluation phase : Evaluation of the effectiveness of acupressure was measured for each student by re-assessing the student pain intensity in the first day of menstruation for two cycles after the implementation of first acupressure session.
50 % Non Pharamacological Methodes Pharamacological Methodes 50 48% 48% 40 30 20% 20 % 20 Herbal 8 % 8 % 10 Hot Bath Hot drinks Muscle relaxant Exercises Analgesics Anti inflammatory 0 % Percent Distribution of the student according to their methods used to relief dysmenorrhe before the implementation of acupressure
100 100% 80 60 52% 40 34% Null parity Stress 22% 20 Cold drinks activity 10% Spicy Percent distribution of the student according to the factors affecting their Severity of dysmenorhea
Before acupressure 64% 60 After two months 50 46% After one month 40% 40 36% 36% 32% 30 24% 20 No pain Mild pain Moderate pain No pain 14% Moderate sever sever Mild Moderate moderate Very severe Mild pain 10 6% 0 % 4% 0% Percent Distribution of the student according to the severity of Dysmenorrhe before and after the implementation of acupressure
Before acupressure 100% 100 80 60 40 After one month 34% After one month 26% 22% 20 14% 12% 8% 6% 8% 4% 0% 0% Distribution of the students according to their occurrence of dysmenorrhea before and after the implementation of acupressure
Distribution of the students according to their location of dysmenorrhea before and after the implementation of acupressure
:Percent distribution of the students according to the symptoms Associated with dysmenorrhea before and after the implementation of acupressure
According to the results of this study , it can be concluded that , acupressure was one of the effective no pharmacological methods to reliving menstrual pain as well as pain medication used .
The result also showed that acupressure was effective in decrease the symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea .
Provide an extensive orientation • program for nurses about • complementary therapy . • Adolescent friendly clinic should be • establish in the university to enable • them to easily seek help regarding • menstrual pain .
brochure about acupressure and • dysmenorrhea should be developed . • Maternity hospital policies should • encourage the concept of • complementary therapy .
