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On solid ground

On solid ground. 3rd Conference on Sustainable Agriculture: The Art of Farming - Innovative Solutions for a Sustainable Mainstream Agriculture SAI, Brussels, 11 May 2010. Prem S. Bindraban Director ISRIC – World Soil Information Senior Researcher – Agrosystems Research Wageningen UR.

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On solid ground

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  1. On solid ground 3rd Conference on Sustainable Agriculture: The Art of Farming - Innovative Solutions for a Sustainable Mainstream Agriculture SAI, Brussels, 11 May 2010 Prem S. Bindraban Director ISRIC – World Soil Information Senior Researcher – Agrosystems Research Wageningen UR

  2. Health & Wealth

  3. Land required?

  4. Basic production ecological principles Model-plants Prem Bindraban + water - nutrients • water • + nutrients + water + nutrients - water - nutrients Based on own experiments P.S. Bindraban

  5. Rainfed + fertilizers Rainfed - fertilizers Marcel Galiba Location specific soil management

  6. Functional role difficult to assess Loss of biodiversity and SOM due to land clearing Soil productivity • (Living organisms)? • Decomposition • Improves soil structure • Texture • Sand • Silt • Clay • Soil Organic Matter • Nutrients (Source, CEC) • Soil structure (pores) • Water holding capacity • Infiltration • Erosion Land  with appropriate soil characteristics

  7. Functionality –Important characteristics • Cation-Exchange Capacity = f(SOM, Clay) (r2 > 0.8) • Permanent Wilting Point = f(SOM, Clay) (r2 > 0.8) e.g. Bell and van Keulen, 1995. Soil Sci.Soc. Am. J. 59: 865-871

  8. Marcel Galiba N u t r i e n t d e p l e t i o n N o d a t a L o w M o d e r a t e 1 ton grain H i g h V e r y h i g h 11-15 kg N/ha Deteriorating soils Stoorvogel et al.

  9. Fertilizing the Sahel (Bindraban et al., 1999) Cereal yields limited by available soil nutrient (- nutrients) Cereal yields limited by available (rain) water (+ nutrients) Bindraban et al., 1999

  10. Google-Earth

  11. Extraction of residues from soils detrimental to soil fertility Soil Carbon loss Zingore, et al., Europ J. Soil Sci 56: 727-736

  12. Nutrient interactions Different rates of N with (solid symbols) and without P (open symbols) on a smallholder homefield (circles) and outfield (triangles) on a sandy granitic soil (Zingore et al., 2007, 2008)

  13. Interactions with weather Yield response of maize varying with annual rainfall patterns at 3 levels of fertilizer application (0, 17 and 52 kg N/ha) (source: Twomlow, Mugabe et al. 2008)

  14. Infestation Variability Water management Erosion Nutrient mining Nutrient management Production Managing and improving soils is complex (field) Weeds, pests, diseases Rainfall Irrigation Fertilization Short and long term Risk

  15. Soil types – interaction with the environment

  16. A-horizon E-horizon Bhs-horizon Soil variation - natural

  17. Soil types

  18. Soil types

  19. Site specific management of soils – essential to maintain soil quality

  20. Green Water Credits Payment of Environmental Services Creating a financial and institutional mechanism in water management services that supports rural livelihoods

  21. wet year Erosion in dry year Blue Water in dry year wet year

  22. Soils – provides solid ground for global development issues ? • Climate change • Food production • Input requirement (N, P, K, H2O, …) • Degradation • De- / Re-forestation (REDD) • Bio-energy • Marginal lands (micro nutrients, toxicity, salinity, acidity, …) • … Good world soil data

  23. GlobalSoilMap.net approach We need your help !! Soil depth And you may need us.

  24. Questions? Prem.Bindraban@wur.nlDirector ISRIC – World Soil Information Agrosystems Research – Wageningen UR

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