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CO 2 Mitigation Project

CO 2 Mitigation Project. Short history. March 2004: First meeting in Farge. September 2004: Inauguration E.on lab, planning of project. October 2004 : MoE between IUB and BlueBioTech, start of feasibility study.

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CO 2 Mitigation Project

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  1. CO2 Mitigation Project Short history March 2004: First meeting in Farge September 2004: Inauguration E.on lab, planning of project October 2004 : MoE between IUB and BlueBioTech, start of feasibility study IUB financed study (50 k€) for proof of principle to produce biomass which could be used as animal feed December 2004: funding from Bremen to build 100 m2 research greenhouse May 2005: Report on feasibility study July 2005: Meeting in München, phase 1 proposal (70 k€) September 2005: Start of E.on funded on-site evaluation to identify algae strains which can be commercialized for biofuel and animal feed

  2. Reasons for the project • The study was carried out to investigate the prospect of developing a large scale photosynthetic system for greenhouse gas control. The aim was to use marine microalgae as an enhanced natural sink for carbon dioxide emissions from an coal-fired power plant. The project-partners evaluated the possibilities to develop large scale closed reactor-systems to fixate CO2 emissions from that power plant within the next five years. The feasibility study is an example of the success of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme in encouraging industries to invest in innovative technologies which will help curb CO2 emissions. • The use of microalgae as sources of eg liquid fuels is attractive because microalgae are photosynthetic renewable resources, are of a high lipid content, have faster growth rates than plant cells, and are capable of growth in saline waters which are unsuitable for agriculture. Questions addressed • what are the potential uses of the biomass ? • is the technology environmentally friendly ? • can it result in permanent sequestration ? • is it financially attractive ? • which product slates could be generated ? • what are the prospected running costs ? • does it result in a positive community image ?

  3. What are the potential uses of the biomass ? Biodiesel Ethanol Animal feed Building material bioactive substances

  4. • is the technology environmentally friendly ? Can substantially reduce inlet CO2 and NOx emissions on-site Supplies renewable energy Reduces dependency on fossil fuels • can it result in permanent sequestration ? CO2 can theoretically be sequestered as building material

  5. A Brief History of IUB • 1999 - Founded by City-State of Bremen, University of Bremen and Rice University, Texas • 2001 - accredited by the Wissenschaftsrat (German Science Council) • 2004 - all bachelors degree programs accredited • Currently 920 students from over 85 nations, 97 professors • Residential colleges • 16 undergraduate programs 14 graduate programs • Degrees: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Executive Master / Master of Business Administration, Doctor of Philosophy Mission: International University Bremen is a highly selective, private institution for the advancement of education and research. Its academic programs and cultural environment prepare graduates for international leadership and global citizenship. Multinational students, faculty and researchers of distinction, with educational partners around the world, collaborate in learning, creating and disseminating information and new knowledge.ﾇ

  6. A Brief History of BlueBioTech • 2000-Founded by 3 scientists with over 20 years of experience in microalgae biotechnology • 2001 - First microalgae products on the market under own label. Products (nutraceuticals, functional cosmetics and feed)are marketed to retailers and end customers through e.g. web shops and television marketing. • 2005 - Application for patents in photobioreactor measuring technique and in nutraceutical use of microalgae • 2006 - BlueBioTech has become one of the leading microalgae companies in Europe • 2000-currently- Development of several photobioreactor systems, each tailored to the specific requirements of the production process from 1L – 250 000L • BlueBioTech operates several production sites in Asia and Europe with outdoor, greenhouse and indoor techniques Mission: to reveal the potential of microalgae for human use

  7. • Results from On-Site Evaluation (10/2005-4/2006) Two algae strains used for animal feed and lipid production were tested in a simple photobioreactor at Farge and at the OceanLab greenhouse at IUB • production during winter ranged from 2 - 5 t/ha/month (extrapolated data) • the biomass could be used as animal feed with heavy metal contaminations of one order of magnitude lower than tolerated for animal feed • percentages of total lipid concentrations ranged from 1 - 27 % and depend on nutrient supply and timing of harvest • percentages of under-saturated fatty acids ranged between 64 and 79 % • fatty acid composition could be controlled through nutrient supply • the lipids can be used as biodiesel but the viscosity is high. This however depends on fatty acid composition which is controllable • Vis-Nova, a biodiesel producer would buy 30000 t of algae oil per year and would probably invest in the full-scale deployment • an implementation of a waste-water module to recycle industrial wastes and improve the quality of the biodiesel seems reasonable

  8. Potential Deployment Sites ESA

  9. • the consortium is convinced, that upscaling of biomass production on a full-scale commercial deployment is possible and financially attractive • depending on controllable environmental conditions either biodiesel or ethanol can be produced in large amounts • however a market for large amounts of animal feed, building material and bioactive substances must be established too • ultimate goal is to both, create a valuable alternative energy source (50%) and to sequester CO2 via the production of building material to lower greenhouse gas emissions (50 %). • to achieve this goal, R&D should be coupled with commercially available High-Tech. • so far funding (120 k€) did not allow to develop high performance reactor-types. BlueBioTech reactors are build for medium production. • we could try now or join with the promising US company Greenfuel How to proceed ?

  10. A Brief History of GreenFuel • 2001 - Founded • 2001 - 2004 design and experimentation • 2004 - Advance Module deployed at MIT Cogen • 2005 - Second Advance Module installed at 1000 MW power plant in Southwest; moved to 13,000 ft2 lab • 2006 - Developing coal (NYSERDA) and other applications (e.g. oil, waste water treatment, etc., IEA project with ENEL) Mission: To recycle carbon profitably from combustion exhaust using GreenFuel's advanced algae biotechnology

  11. • is it financially attractive ? Typical Project Example: 350 MW Coal Plant (Insolation Zone C/D –Germany case) • 1 km2 deployment • Processes 4-5% of flue gas • Produces transportation fuel with a market value of: • € 500/t of biodiesel • € 400/t of ethanol • Target capital cost ~ € 18 million for commercial facility (excluding downstream costs) Info converted into SI units

  12. Performance Goals Cost Productivity Profitable Past GFT Now Goal Maximum Time Line • GreenFuel has reduced costs by a factor of 8, and expects to reduce costs by an additional factor of 2 • GreenFuel’s process is 2.5 times more productive than other methods, and expects to double productivity againby 2007

  13. Performance Data from MIT Power Plant NOx, CO2 Mitigation vs. Time Data collected, reviewed, and analyzed by independent company (CK Environmental, 9/2004) 50% reduction, even with very low light Light Intensity vs. Time Remnants of Hurricane (very low light) *data measured 9 am-5 pm **data measured 24 hrs./day

  14. • which product slates could be generated ? Estimated Current Value of Fuel Slate for 350 MW Coal Plant With 1 km2 system • Product Slate • 6.0 million liter/year of biodiesel (€ 3.0 million) • 7.5 million liter/year of ethanol (€ 3.5 million) • 0.5 million liter/year of glycerin (€ 0.1 million) • 14000 tons/year of algae of animal feed (€ 1.4 million) • CO2 reduction of 40000 tons/year (€ 1.0 million (25 €/t) ) • Revenue value: approximately € 9.0 million/year* • Estimates exclude credits for renewable fuels, CO2 and NOx reduction, green power, etc * Note: assumes existing EU subsidies for products

  15. • what are the prospected running costs ? • x MW for energy supply for temperature control, compressor, harvesting • x€ for nutrients • x€ for personal • Problem: running costs for current systems are too high. Greenfuel must therefore show a clear concept for a low-downstream costs implementation plan. To start this discussion, a confidentiality agreement between the consortium and Greenfuel must be signed

  16. • does the project result in a positive community image ? • very positive response from media local: BLV regional: Weser Kurier, NDR/TV national: Financial Times, Süddeutsche, Handelsblatt international: invited talk by IRR to EPCON conference, Vienna IRR (Int. Res. Inst)EPCON: Industry energy sector Austria

  17. Initial-Term Commercialization Process • Phase II Proposal (modified from Greenfuel example) Initial Term of License – Pre-Commercialization

  18. Tasks • First step: Sign confidentiality agreement and reveal/discuss running costs implementation plan. Sign customized MOU between IUB, BluebioTech, E.on and Greenfuel • Negotiate terms of Definitive Agreement for long-term international licensing agreement between E.on and Greenfuel • IUB: coordination, verify production rates with new reactor-type, identify optimal algae strains/blends for different purposes, Field testing of sustained productivity levels and consistency of biomass quality, train personnel, marketing for biofuels, research on building material for permanent sequestration • BlueBioTech: reactor design adaptation, support search for optimal algae strains for different purposes, marketing for feed, bioactive substances, Develop optimal nutrient strategy • Greenfuel: assembly and deployment of mobile feasibility reactor, support search for optimal algae strains for different purposes, Design adapt, fabricate, and install Advance Module • Hochschule Bremen: R&D on wastewater module for industry applications to recycle glycerin from biodiesel production

  19. Typical Commercial Rollout Strategy All partners

  20. Where algae grow East Greenland 10000 km2 ≈ 3 million t CO2/a 90 % recycled 10000 km2 ≈ 1 million t CO2/a 95 % recycled Denmark/Norway

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