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River Valley Civilizations

River Valley Civilizations. Egypt- 3000 B.C.E. The Nile River. Egypt was called “The Gift of the Nile” Without the Nile, Egyptian civilization would not have developed Regular flood patterns Compare to Mesopotamia?. Egypt’s Geography. Egypt’s natural defenses Sahara Desert Nile Cataracts

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River Valley Civilizations

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  1. River Valley Civilizations

  2. Egypt- 3000 B.C.E.

  3. The Nile River • Egypt was called “The Gift of the Nile” • Without the Nile, Egyptian civilization would not have developed • Regular flood patterns • Compare to Mesopotamia?

  4. Egypt’s Geography • Egypt’s natural defenses • Sahara Desert • Nile Cataracts • Result?

  5. Writing • Hieroglyphics- originally pictograms; evolved to contain some phonetic elements • Papyrus • Early writing was used for business and administration • Eventually used for stories, prayers, laws and instructions • Rosetta Stone - translation

  6. The People • Mixed ethnicity

  7. Kingdoms • Early dynasty- Egypt unified by Menes (created the first dynasty) • Old Kingdom- Great pyramids built • Middle Kingdom- arts flourish • Intermediate period- country divided • New Kingdom- Strong rulers, i.e. Ramses II

  8. Men and Gods • Polytheistic • Pharaohs were considered gods • Major Gods • Amon-Ra, Osiris, Isis, Horus, Seth, Thoth, Anubis • Mummified people: preserve body for use in afterlife

  9. How is the Egyptian view of the afterlife different from Mesopotamia’s?, how is it the same?

  10. Government • Unified kingdom • Strong central government (what is evidence of this?) • Is Egypt’s govt. different or the same as Mesopotamia?

  11. Architecture • Pyramids • Tombs • Statues • Temples • Greatest architecture of the early civilizations

  12. The Indus Valley Civilization • Located along the Indus river in modern-day Pakistan • 3300–1300 BCE, flowered 2600–1900 BCE • Flourished for 1000 years, then disappeared without a trace • Major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

  13. Harappa • Mohenjo-Daro • India

  14. Evidence of limited contact

  15. Features • Well-organized cities • Laid out in a grid pattern, i.e. they were? • Had toilets, plumbing and irrigation

  16. Indus Valley writing has yet to be deciphered

  17. Disappearance • No one knows for sure • Theories: • Earthquake • Mudslide • Overrun by Aryans • Climate change

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