What Makes Us Canadian

1. What Makes Us Canadian By Joselle Anne Gonzales and Kailani Joy Pagtakhan

2. Introduction Everyone please flip to chapter 13 which is the chapter we will be talking about. Today we will be talking about what makes us Canadian. In this chapter we will talk about Aboriginal peoples, Canadian weather and how we live in it, living on land, Protecting our environment and the nature around us, and many more.

3. Canada and other nations • By the 1950’s Canada has already fought in the 2 world wars. • Canada has signed the statue of Westminster and it had been in Confederation for almost 90 years. • Canadians were starting to think of Canada of its own right, instead of faraway Britain, but still we flew the British Flag above the House Of Common in Ottawa. • The canadian children still sang “God save the Queen” in school. • Canada’s governor generals were all born in Britain. • The government still had to ask Britain to change its constitution. • Canadians were moving into the United States looking for success. • The Canadians were wondering is it was important to be different from The United States, and Britain.

4. The Massey Commission • In 1949, Prime Minister St. Laurent asked Vincent Massey, a former diplomat, to lead a royal commission. • It was named the Massey commission. • It looked at Canadian culture, music, books, movies, theatre, dance, and visual arts. • The commission found that many Canadians did not support their own cultures. • They also found that Canadian artist had a hard time making a living, or showing their work.

5. Cont. • Canadian Symphony Orchestras did not play in concert halls like, America, or Europe, instead orchestras played at hockey rinks. • The gallery of Canadian art in Ottawa was hidden behind the dinosaurs at the National Museum. • The Massey Commission tried to figure out ways to develop culture in Canada. • One idea was to create an organization that would give money to Canadian artists. • They could be able to create books, play music, dance, and visual arts. • In 1957, The government set up the Canada Council Of the Arts to do just that.

6. Emily Carr (1871- 1945) • Emily Carr was a painter in British Columbia in the 1920s and 1930s. • She was one of the first artists to paint Uniquely Canadian subjects. • She was inspired by Natural landscape of the west Coast and by the art of Aboriginal peoples, Especially the Haida. • Her famous piece of art was Chill Day in June, and that was done in 1939.

7. Canadians and nature • It is a saying that Canada’s true identity is found in Nature. • They say the landscape and climate make Canadians who they are. • Canadians think of themselves as northern-Nature loving people. • Prime Minister Mackenzie King once said, “Canadians have more geography than history. • Anyways Canada is the second largest country in the world, but it has few people and vast areas of land.

8. Lining on Land • The natural environment always influenced the way people lived. • Aboriginal have lived on land for many years so their culture was shaped in the environment they lived in. • The water provided transportation to go places, and sustained people and animals. • Plants provided food and materials. • Animals like the salmon of British Columbia, Moose of Eastern Canada, and the seals of the North, also provided food shelter and clothing.

9. Cont. • The land also influenced where the settlers would live. • Some settlers chose land close to water because it was very useful for them. • Some chose woodlands because it provided materials to make clothing and boats. • The prairie held rich farmland and held food wheat for food and materials. • Some places like Halifax Harbour, gave shelter from ocean storms. • The environment also influnced how Canadians support themselves. • Farmers, hunters, fishermen, and hunters all need the land for a living.

10. BRRR!!!! • Canadians take pride in being a tough, Northern people who can survive in a cold climate. • As the popular Quebec folk singer Gilles Vignealt sand: • Mon pays Cen’ est pas un pays • C’ est ‘ hiver! • In english it means: • My country is not a country • It’s winter!

11. Protecting nature • Many new industries made wealth for Canada. • They also pollute the environment and threatened wildlife. • Canadians started wanting to protect nature for the future. • In 1971, a group of conservationists in Vancouver started an organization known as Greenpeace. • It’s members thought big buisnesses were more interested in making a lot of money then protecting the environment. • They held protest to try and get industries to stop killing whales, dumping poison in the the oceans and hunting seals.

12. Continue… • Some people criticized Greenpeace for their protests, while others supported. • Today Greenpeace work on 41 countries around the world. • A famous Greenpeace slogan goes: • “When the last tree is cut, when the last river Is poisoned, and the last fish dead we will discover we cant eat money.”

13. The canoe • The canoe was invented by the first nations people. • It has become a symbol of Canadians identity. • For many Canadians a canoe ride is a way to explore nature. • When canoeing people can imagine what it was like for the fur traders, First nations, and explorers. • The Kanienkehaka (mohawk) poet Pauline Johnson became famous for her poet about canoeing called “ The song my paddle sings.”

14. Cont. • In Quebec, a popular folktale tells about the ghost of the voyageurs returning home in a flying canoe. • In the 1980’s, a Canadian comedy troupe called the Frantics created a character called Mr.Canoehead. • Mr. Canoehead had a huge canoe where his head should be. • He was always knocking things over.

15. How Canadians see Themselves • Canadians have many myths and like most myths some are true some are not. • Canadians think of themselves as friendly, and polite people. • Lester B. Pearson , Anne Murray and Mr. Dress up are all examples of very polite Canadians. • Some Canadians are not very polite like Don Cherry, the blustery former hockey coach and host of CBC’s hockey night. • In 2004 Cherry said that French Canadian hockey players are not “tough guys,” because they wore visors on their helmets.

16. Cont… • Canadians also claim they are different from Americans • This is partly true. • Canada has two official languages instead of only one. • Canada has a Prime Minister instead of president. • Canadians say “zed” instead of “zee” • Although, many Canadians love watching American television, love listening to their music and love shopping at American shops. • Canadians find it hard to explain what makes them different, however in the 20th century there were special moments that made Canadian identity become stronger.

17. Expo! • In the 1967, Canadians celebrated their country’s 100th birthday or centennial. • They celebrated in many different ways. • A centennial train Travelled from sea to sea. • The order of Canada was founded. • It is a huge award for someone who makes an outstanding contribution to the nation. • The project for Bowsman, Manitoba, was a new sewer system.

18. Continue • The town celebrates the 100th birthday by burning down all its outhouses. • The most important Expo was Expo ‘67, a world wide fair in Montreal. • Expo ‘67 was a showcase of culture and technology from nations around the world. • For years Canadians believed that Canada culture did not measure up to countries like Britain, France, and the United States. • Expo ‘67 gave Canada a chance to prove itself to the world. • Some 50 million visitors from around the world came to Montreal. • They saw What Canada has to offer.

19. Paul Henderson’s Winning Goal • To many Canadians, the 1972 world hockey series between Team Canada and the Soviet Union was one of the greatest sporting events of the 20thcentury • To support Canada, 3000 Canadians travelled thousands of km to the Luzhkini Arena in the Soviet Union • The game was a tie. • Back home, 12 million Canadians, more than half of Canada’s population watched the game on television in the middle of a Wednesday Afternoon.

20. Continued • The game was tied until the final seconds of the game.Suddenly, Paul Henderson scored a goal, Canada won. • Team Canada’s goalie was Ken Dryden. • He said that the 1972 was not just a game, it was meant to prove that Canadians were the world’s best hockey players. • The 1972 series also had a dark side, as well. • Some people said that Canadian hockey players wanted to win at any cost.

21. Cont. • It said that in one game a Canadian player broke the ankle of Valery Kharlamov, the star player of the Russia team. • “this series was not concieved in the spirit of brotherhood understanding,” said Dryden. • Neverless, the 1972 Canada-Russia hockey series was a high point for Canadian pride. • It proved that hockey was, first and foremost, “Canada’s game.”

22. Does anyone hear speak Canadian? • Words and language can tell a lot about the people who use them. • Here are a few examples of Canadian English. (they can be found in the Canadian oxford dictionary.) • Canadians are the only people in the world who use these words. • What do they show about Canadian Culture?

23. Canadian talk! • Depanneur(from French. Also shortened to dep.) A convenience store. • Gitch (Canadian slang. Also known a gotch or gonch.) Underwear. • Jambuster (Manitoba& Northwestern Ontario only) A jelly doughnut. • Kielbasa(from Ukrainian) A garlic sausage. • Toque(From French)A winter hat.

25. Canada in the media • In 1969, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau visited Washington D.C., in the United States. • He was a guest of honour at a national Press Club Dinner. • Trudeau described how Canadians felt being a neighbor to the powerful United States. • “living next to you is like sleeping with an elephant,”Trudeau said. • “No matter how friendly and even-tempered the Beast…one is affected by every twitch and grunt.

26. Canada in the media cont. • Trudeau had found a funny way to make a serious point. • American culture has a strong affect on Canada, Americans express their culture through media,(movies, music, magazines, radio, and television). • Since english is the main language in the United States, English is a good market for American culture. • Canadian governments have tried to protect Canadians culture from being squashed by the American Elephant.

27. Continue. • They encourage the creation of Canadian media. • One all- Canadian agency is the Canadian broadcasting Cooperation. • It has broadcast radio since 1933 and television since 1953. • In 1950, the Canadian government formed the national Film Board of Canada (NFB). • Its job is to create films that interpret Canada to Canadians and other nations.” • The NFB produces new films and reflect different Canadian Viewpoints.

28. Cont. • These come from filmmakers such as Montreal animator Norman Mclaren, Abenaki documentary maker Alanis Obomsawin, Ontario’s Donald Brittain, and western Canada’s Roman Kroitor. (He invented the IMAX film format). • In Quebec the NFB became important in the 1960’s and 1970’s for expressing Quebec culture. • Nearly all of the in English- Canadian movie theatres come from the United States. • The Canadian government also has lawsthat limit the amount of American Media Canadian hear or see. • It is to make sure there is room for Canadia media.

29. Continue 5… • Canadian Radio was mostly American music until 1971. • That year, the Canadian Radio and Television Commission (CRTC) brought in Canadian content requirements (CanCon). • Since then, 30% of the music played between 6:00 AM and midnight has to be Canadian. • Some think that the government should not control the media and some think Can Con is a good idea. • When Canadians began hearing their own musicians on the radio it set of a homegrown music industry.

30. Cont… • Canadians became fans. • Canadian recording studios sprang up and Canadian musicians no longer had to move to the united States just to record their music. • In 1964, the Juno Awards for Canadian recorded music were founded. • By the mid-1990’s, the Canadian music industry was doing very well. • It had to close to 200 music labels and many well-known Canadian musicians.

31. Children’s television in Canada • Did you know that Canada has been one of the largest creators of Children’s television in the world? • CBC has created many classic children’s shows. • The friendly giant(1958-1985), starred Bob Homme as a giant named Friendly.. • He played songs on the recorder alongside a giraffe and rooster.(in your book in the right).

32. continue • Mr.Dressup (1967-1996) would find costumes in his tickle truck. • Many early television shows spread Canadian culture. • In the 1960s, Helene Baillargeon and a mouse named Suie taught anglophone children how to speak french. • Her show was called Chez Helene (1959-1973).

33. I feel good! Pour moicava! • In the mid 1960s, Francophones did not have laws to protect their language as they do today. • They had to find ways to overcome American cultural influence. • The Quebec rock band Les Beethovens loved American style rhythm and blues. • In 1966, they became famous in Quebec for their French translation of James Brown’s hit song “I Got You” • Lead singer Pierre Perpall sang and danced, imitating Brown.

34. I got youWhoa! I feel good!I knew that! I knew that I would now! So good! So good! I got you!Hey! Pour moiCaVa Pour moiCa Va. DepuisQueTu as la. Pour moiCa Va. DepuisQueTu as la. CaVa! CaVa! Je suisamoureux! HE!

35. Many different identities • In Canada, some people think their ethnic or cultural identity is more important than their Canadian identity. • They call themselves French-Canadians, Hungarian-Canadians, Or Japanese-Canadians. • Other people think Canadian identity should come first. • Prime minister Diefenbaker thought this way, he did not like people calling him German-Canadian. • He wanted everyone to be simply Canadian. • Diefenbaker wanted civic identity for Canada. • That means Identity is not based on languages people speak or where their family comes from, but on the citizenship everyone shares Canadian.

36. Cont. • Diefenbaker believed Canadians should concentrate on what shared other than what made them different. • For Diefenbaker, that was good enough. • However, Canada is also made up of many different groups. • Group identities are important to people. • Diefenbaker said that this would divide people. • Others say that a strong group identity makes it easier for people to live together.

37. Understanding Quebec Nationalism • MakaKotto was born in Cameroon, Africa. • When he was a young man, he moved to France. • As an Actor in Paris, Kotto used theatre to speak against racism and discrimination. • In the 1980’s he visited Quebec. • In 2004, Kotto Became a Quebec polititian. • He believes that Quebec should separate from Canada and become its own Country, Many Quebeckers agreed.

38. Continue… • It is that most French speaking place in canada. • They believe that Quebec’s culture makes it unique. • This belief is called Quebec Nationalism. • Many Canadian Prime Minister also thought of Quebec as it’s own nation. • In 2006,Stephen Harper became the first Prime Minister in Canadian history to officially state that Quebec is a nation within Canada. • Some people do not like the idea of Quebec nationalism. • They say only French-Canadians are welcome into Quebec and the rest are left out.

39. Cont… • Racism does not exist in Quebec as it does elsewhere in Canada. • Quebec nationalist say that all cultures are welcome. • In Quebec today there are francophone Quebeckers who’s parents come from many different ethnic groups. • Someone like MakaKotto shows that nomt all Quebeckers are French-Canadian.

40. The West Wants in! • Like Quebec, Western Canada has its own regional identity. • Western Canada includes three provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta) and British Columbia. • Feeling of western Canada identity are very strong in Canada. • A few polititians there have said Alberta should separate from Canada. • The west, however, the west wants a stonger voice within Canada and not a separate country.

41. Continue • In 1986 an Albertan named Preston Manning founded a political party for western Canadians called the reform party. • Manning joined politics to stop Western Alienation. • The Reform Party wanted to end bilinualism and high taxes. • It said that the federal government had too much power. • It also said that the provinces should run more of their own buissnesses. • The reform party’s first slogan was, “The West Want In.”

42. Western Alienation Feeling that the opinions of Western Canadians are left out or ignored by polititians in Ottawa.

43. Joe Clark (1939-?) • Joe Clark was Canada’s 16th Prime Minister. • He led the progressive Conservative Party from 1976- 1983. • He served a short term as a Prime Minister from 1976-1980. • He also spoke french so he could talk to Quebeckers in their language. • Clark’s political rival, Leader Pierre Trudeau, believed Canada needed one national Identity if it was going to stay together. • Clark believed that Canada’s different identities made it stronger, “In an immense country,” Clark argued. • He said Canada was a “community of communities.”

44. Canada’s new Flag, 1965 • For its first 98 years, Canada had no flag of it’s own. • It used to be the British flag. • When Lester B. Pearson became Prime Minister in 1963, he wanted an all new Canadian flag. • French-Canadians, New- Canadians, and anglophones agreed. • Many older people who had fought under the British flag in the world wars disagreed with Pearson.

45. Continuation. • The government asked to send their flag designs. • More than 2000 designs were sent in. • Yet no one could agree on the best one. • In the end, Pearson himself chose the maple leaf flag Canada has today. • It flew for the first time above the house of commons

46. Canada’s New Flag • For it’s first 98 years, Canada had no flag of its own • It was the British flag that flew above Canada’s schoolyards, hockey rinks, and parliament buildings • Lester B. Pearson decided to get a new Canadian flag • French-Canadians, new Canadians, and young anglophones agreed, and many older people who had fought in the world wars disagreed • Pearson chose the maple leaf flag. • It flew for the first time above the house of commons in 1965.

47. Canada’s new flag • The red Ensign, used officially from1945-1965. • Flag designed by A.Y. Jackson, a member of the group of seven. • Pearson’s first design for the flag, which John Diefenbaker mocked as the “Pearson Pennant.” • Canada’s current flag since 1965.

48. Aboriginal Perspectives. • Many aboriginal peoples are famous in Canada. • The Anishinabe (ojibwa) war heroe Tommy Prince, the inuit Filmmaker Zacharias Kunuk, The metis architect Douglas Cardinal, the Nehiyaw (Cree) playwright Tomson Highway, as well as Nehiyaw actor and politician Tina Keeper are all among Canada’s cultural leaders. • The aboriginals know not only doing well in mainstream North American society is important, but also their important responsibilities to their culture and identity.

49. First nations: What does it mean?!? • In 1975, the dene people of the Northwest territories made a statement to Canada and the world. • The Dene people were a nation. In their Dene Deceleration they wrote:” Our struggle is for the recognition of the Dene nation by the government of Canada and the peoples and the government of the world.” • Canada has often been described as a partnership between 2 founding nations: The French and English. • When we talk of the first nations, we are saying they are the original inhabitants of Canada. • The term First Nations reflect the way aboriginal people see themselves in Canadian history.

50. Cont. • The ancestors of the first nations, metis, and the Inuit people were here thousands of years before Canada became a nation. • First nations think of themselves as partners in confederation. • By signing treaties, they agreed to share their land and their culture with the European newcomers. • They did not agree to hand it over of give it up.