Unit4

1. Unit4

2. Cultural Background 1. Fun can be defined as a pleasurable experience, enjoyable occupation or an activity that involves amusement or pleasure. 2. But what do we view as fun? The answer may depend on our age, because what's pleasant and fun for a child is not necessarily entertaining and fun for a teenager or an adult. 3. What people consider fun often changes with age and maturity. Cultural information

3. Text Analysis Structural Analysis Global Reading - Text Analysis • In this text, the author challenges the modern idea that fun is there for the asking and that fun overshadows everything. • The author argues, instead, that fun is hard to have and that fun is a rare jewel.

4. Text Analysis Structural Analysis Structural analysis Part 1 introduces the thesis of the essay: Fun is hard to have. Fun is a rare jewel. Part 2 points out a prevalent misconception, and consequences thereof, that everything is supposed to be fun. Part 3 is the concluding part of the essay where the author suggests that we ought to treat fun reverently.

5. Detailed Reading Fun, Oh Boy. Fun. You Could Die from it Suzanne Britt Jordan 1 Fun is hard to have. 2 Fun is a rare jewel. 3 Somewhere along the line people got the modern idea that fun was there for the asking, that people deserved fun, that if we didn’t have a little fun every day we would turn into (sakes alive!) puritans. 4 “Was it fun?” became the question that overshadowed all other questions: good questions like: Was it moral? Was it kind? Was it honest? Was it beneficial? Was it generous? Was it necessary? And (my favorite) was it selfless? Detailed reading1-4

6. Detailed Reading 5 When the pleasures got to be the main thing, the fun fetish was sure to follow. Everything was supposed to be fun. If it wasn’t fun, then by Jove, we were going to make it fun, or else. 6 Think of all the things that got the reputation of being fun. Family outings were supposed to be fun. Sex was supposed to be fun. Education was supposed to be fun. Work was supposed to be fun. Walt Disney was supposed to be fun. Church was supposed to be fun. Staying fit was supposed to be fun. 7 Just to make sure that everybody knew how much fun we were having, we put happy faces on flunking test papers, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors, bathroom mirrors. Detailed reading5-7

7. Detailed Reading Detailed reading8-9 8 If a kid, looking at his very happy parents traipsing through that very happy Disney World, said, “This ain’t fun, ma,” his ma’s heart sank. She wondered where she had gone wrong. Everybody told her what fun family outings to Disney World would be. Golly gee, what was the matter? 9 Fun got to be such a big thing that everybody started to look for more and more thrilling ways to supply it. One way was to step up the level of danger or licentiousness or alcohol or drug consumption so that you could be sure that, no matter what, you would manage to have a little fun.

8. Detailed Reading Detailed reading10 10 Television commercials brought a lot of fun and fun-loving folks into the picture. Everything that people in those commercials did looked like fun: taking Polaroid snapshots, swilling beer, buying insurance, mopping the floor, bowling, taking aspirin. We all wished, I’m sure, that we could have half as much fun as those rough-and-ready guys around the locker room, flicking each other with towels and pouring champagne. The more commercials people watched, the more they wondered when the fun would start in their own lives. It was pretty depressing.

9. Detailed Reading Detailed reading11-12 11 Big occasions were supposed to be fun. Christmas, Thanksgiving and Easter were obviously supposed to be fun. Your wedding day was supposed to be fun. Your wedding night was supposed to be a whole lot of fun. Your honeymoon was supposed to be the epitome of fundom. And so we ended up going through every Big Event we ever celebrated, waiting for the fun to start. 12 It occurred to me, while I was sitting around waiting for the fun to start, that not much is, and that I should tell you just in case you’re worried about your fun capacity.

10. Detailed Reading Detailed reading13 13 I don’t mean to put a damper on things. I just mean we ought to treat fun reverently. It is a mystery. It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal. The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party. I don’t want to blaspheme fun anymore. When fun comes in on little dancing feet, you probably won’t be expecting it. In fact, I bet it comes when you’re doing your duty, your job, or your work. It may even come on a Tuesday.

11. Detailed Reading 14 I remember one day, long ago, on which I had an especially good time. Pam Davis and I walked to the College Village drug store one Saturday morning to buy some candy. We were about 12 years old (fun ages). She got her Bit-O-Honey. I got my malted milk balls, chocolate stars, Chunkys, and a small bag of M & M’s. We started back to her house. I was going to spend the night. We had the whole day to look forward to. We had plenty of candy. It was a long way to Pam’s house but every time we got weary Pam would put her hand over her eyes, scan the horizon like a sailor and say, “Oughta reach home by nightfall,” at which point the two of us would laugh until we thought we couldn’t stand it another minute. Detailed reading14.1

12. Detailed Reading Detailed reading14.2-15 Then after we got calm, she’d say it again. You should have been there. It was the kind of day and friendship and occasion that made me deeply regretful that I had to grow up. 15 It was fun.

13. Detailed Reading 1. What is the thesis statement of the essay? Detailed reading1-4--Quesions Fun is hard to have. Fun is a rare jewel. 2. In Paragraph 4, a series of questions has been raised. What’s the effect of it? Here, by making a startling statement (the question “Was it fun?” overshadowed all other questions) and raising a series of questions, Jordan points out that fun has become the major concern of people. It has outweighed many other questions.

14. Detailed Reading Detailed reading7--Quesion What are some of the things that do not provide fun according to Jordan ? Failing in a test, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors are some of the things that are not sources of fun.

15. Detailed Reading Detailed reading9--Quesion What relationship does the use of drugs and alcohol have to our difficulties in having fun today? Today as people live under unprecedented stress, they can hardly relax and the monotonous routine work is not in the least exciting for them. Only when they indulge themselves in drugs and alcohol can they forget the worries of the day and have a little fun.

16. Detailed Reading Detailed reading11--Quesion What is the relationship between big occasions and the experience of fun? With high expectations for fun, people are not contented with the joy that big occasions such as holidays, weddings or birthdays bring them. To make up for the inadequacy of fun and joy, they are still expecting the next big occasion which might bring them excitement.

17. Detailed Reading Detailed reading13—Quesions1 1. How does Jordan develop Paragraph 13? To develop the idea, the author uses definition: “it is a mystery”, and comparison and contrast. Some figurative techniques are employed to further define what fun is, which include personification: “When fun comes in on little dancing feet, you probably won’t be expecting it.” and simile: “It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal.”

18. Detailed Reading Detailed reading13—Quesions2 2. What does “It may even come on a Tuesday” mean? Tuesday is a workday, the day following the blue Monday. It is commonly regarded as an ordinary day when everyone is supposed to be doing the routine work. As a rule, no holidays, no big occasions would take place on this day. But if we treat fun properly, we can have fun even on such an ordinary day.

19. Detailed Reading Detailed reading14--Quesion Why does Jordan use an anecdote to conclude her essay? Here Jordan suggests that it is easier for children to have fun than it is for grown-ups.

20. Detailed Reading Class Activity Group discussion: An imaginary event is presented in Paragraph 8 and a real one in Paragraph 14. What’s the function of the narration of these two events? Tip: In the imaginary event, the elaborate preparation of the parents was wasted and the child failed to have the expected fun, whereas in the real event, the simple childish behavior gave the children satisfaction and joy. With a comparison of these events, the author suggests that what is supposed to be fun may not enable one to have a good time. The simple joy of life is the real fun people are seeking. Detailed reading– Activity

21. Detailed Reading overshadow v. make sb. or sth. less successful, important, or impressive by comparison with others; dominate Detailed reading– overshadow e.g. Ben overshadows all his colleagues with his extraordinary insight and quick wit. She is overshadowed by her younger and more attractive sister.

22. Detailed Reading Detailed reading– flunk flunk v. fail, esp. (in) a course or an exam e.g. The boy was upset because he flunked (in) an English exam. flunk out expel or be expelled from a school or course because of work that does not meet the required standards e.g. We didn’t flunk out, but our records weren’t so good.

23. Detailed Reading Detailed reading– traipse traipse v. walk wearily e.g. She spent the day traipsing from one shop to another.

24. Detailed Reading Detailed reading– epitome1 epitome n. an ideal; a typical representation e.g. His father is the epitome of goodness. epitomize v. be an epitome of sth. e.g. He epitomizes the loving father. She epitomizes all the good qualities of her family.

25. Detailed Reading Practice Detailed reading– epitome2 1. 他认为猫是懒惰的化身。 In his eye, the cat is the epitome of laziness. 2. 这本手册概括了日常卫生的要点。 This handbook is a neat epitome of everyday hygiene. 3. 这位银行经理的身上集中体现了他们家族的一切优秀品质。 The bank manager epitomizes all the good qualities of his family.

26. Detailed Reading damper n. (inf.) sth. that stops an occasion from being as enjoyable as it was intended to be Detailed reading– damper e.g. The bad news put / cast / threw a damper on the party. Will the snow put a bit of a damper on your hike plans?

27. Detailed Reading blaspheme v. show contempt or disrespect for (God, a divine being, or sacred things) Detailed reading– blaspheme e.g. The bank manager began to rage and blaspheme (against) God. The spiritual leader charged that the film blasphemed Islam.

28. Detailed Reading malted milk a soluble powder made of dried milk, malted barley, and wheat flour 麦乳精（由牛奶、大麦麦牙和面粉制成的可溶粉粒） Detailed reading– malted milk

29. Detailed Reading • chunky a. • 1. (of candy, etc.) containing small, thick pieces • 2. (of a man) short and strong; stocky Detailed reading– chunky e.g. chunky peanut butter; chunky soup e.g. A chunky man usually has a wide upper body and looks strong.

30. Detailed Reading • scan v. • examine sth. carefully, with the eyes or with a machine, in order to obtain information • To scan a text can also mean look through it quickly in order to find a piece of information that one wants or get a general idea of what the text contains. Detailed reading– scan e.g. She anxiously scanned the faces of the young men leaving the train in the hope of finding her son. e.g. Now, scan the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points.

31. Detailed Reading Detailed reading– somewhere along the … Somewhere along the line people got the modern idea that fun was there for the asking, that people deserved fun, that if we didn’t have a little fun every day we would turn into (sakes alive!) puritans. (Paragraph 3) Paraphrase: Nowadays, people would believe that they can have fun whenever they ask for it, and they should have fun; otherwise they would be leading a dull and bitter life as a puritan.

32. Detailed Reading The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party. (Paragraph 13) Detailed reading– the god of… Paraphrase: We have long assumed that fun was easy to have, but now we are paying a price for that shallow-mindedness, i.e., our party is hardly as much fun as we has expected it to be.

33. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary main Word Derivation Phrase Practice Synonym / Antonym

34. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 1) insure v. → insurance n. → insured n.&a. 保险公司可以给你保寿险。 未投保者需自付修理费。 投保人需支付一定比例的医药费。 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1 e.g. An insurance company will insure your life. People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs. The insured are required to pay a portion of all medical bills.

35. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 2) deserve v. → undeserved a. → deserving a. 这篇文章值得仔细研究。 他有罗密欧之称是名不副实的。 值得同情的 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 2 e.g. The article deserves careful study. His reputation as a Romeo is quite undeserved. be deserving of sympathy

36. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 3) generous a. → generosity n. → generously adv. 贤明的统治者在胜利时能宽宏大量。 他的慷慨在困境中表现了出来。 请慷慨施予。 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 3 e.g. A wise ruler is generous in victory. His generosity manifests itself in times of need. Please give generously.

37. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 4) benefit n. / v. → beneficial a. 新规章对我们大家都会大有好处。 这些设施使全城受益。 新鲜空气有益健康。 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 4 e.g. The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all. These facilities have benefited the whole town. Fresh air is beneficial to one’s health.

38. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 5) regret n. / v.→ regrettable a. 我听到他去世的消息感到万分悲痛。 很抱歉，此事我爱莫能助。 她粗俗无礼，令人遗憾。 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 5 e.g. I heard of his death with great regret. I regret that I cannot help. Her rudeness was highly regrettable.

39. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 6)mirth n. → mirthful a. → mirthless a. 圣诞节是个快乐的日子，尤其是对孩子们。 她那滑稽的装束引得客人哄堂大笑。 苦笑 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 6 e.g. Christmas is a time of mirth, especially for children. Her funny costume caused much mirthful laughter among the guests. a mirthless laugh

40. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 7) blaspheme v. → blasphemy n. → blasphemous a. 他醉酒后总是骂骂咧咧，诅天咒地。 谋杀和亵渎神明都是不可饶恕的大罪。 满屋的人都对他那亵渎神明的语言感到愤慨。 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 7 e.g. He always swears and blasphemes when he’s drunk. Murder and blasphemy are mortal sins.   The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.

41. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 8) revere v. → reverence n. → reverent a. 那教授学识渊博备受敬重。 他脱下帽子表示敬意。 恭敬的态度﹑姿势等 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 8 e.g. The professor was revered for his immense learning. He removed his hat as a sign of reverence. reverent attitudes, gestures, etc.

42. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation from the text. Consolidation Activities- Phrase practice 1. In your mad pursuit to destroy evil, you may evil yourself. turn into __________ occurred to 2. It never me that he was a double agent. ______________ end up ________ 3. If you go on driving so rashly, you will in hospital. step up 4. They tried every means to production. ________ 5. Moby-Dick tells the story of how Ahab, the captain of a whaling ship, is determined to the white whale for it has crippled one of his legs. pay back ____ _____

43. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Consolidation Activities- turn into turn into:(cause sb./sth. to) pass from one condition or state to another e.g. 水冻起来就能结成冰。 Water turns into ice when it freezes.

44. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Consolidation Activities- occur to occur to:come into (a person's mind) e.g. 她从未想到问问他人。 It never occurred to her to ask anyone.

45. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Consolidation Activities- end up end up:reach or come to a certain place, state or action, esp. by a lengthy route or process e.g. 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱。 If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison.

46. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Consolidation Activities- step up step up:increase sth.; improve sth. e.g. 进一步推进核武器裁减 step up the campaign for nuclear disarmament

47. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Consolidation Activities- pay back pay … back:punish sb. or get one's revenge e.g. 他对我使坏，我得治治他。 I’ll pay him back for the trick he played on me.

48. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 1. Family outings were supposed to be fun. Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym1 Synonyms: excursion, jaunt 2. Just to make sure that everybody knew how much fun we were having, we put happy faces on flunking test papers, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors, bathroom mirrors. Synonym: failing

49. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 3. I just mean we ought to treat fun reverently. Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym2 Antonyms: irreverently, disrespectfully, contemptuously 4. Television commercials brought a lot of fun and fun-loving folks into the picture. advertisements Synonym: 5. Your honeymoon was supposed to be the epitome of fundom. example Synonym:

50. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 6. The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party. Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym3 Antonyms: grief, sadness, melancholy 7. I don’t want to blaspheme fun anymore. profane, revile Synonyms: 8. It was a long way to Pam’s house but every time we got weary Pam would put her hand over her eyes, scan the horizon like a sailor and say … examine, scrutinize Synonyms: