Gradele de comparatie

1. Gradele de comparatie prezentare

2. Comparativ de superioritate si Superlativ • 1. Adjective scurte • 2. Adjective lungi • 3. Adjective neregulate

3. 1. Adjective scurte (toate adj. monosilabice si unele bisilabice) • Comparativ de superioritate (mai…): adj. + -”er” • Superlativ (cel mai…): the + adj. + “-est”

4. Reguli de scriere la adaugarea “-er” si “-est” 1. Adj. terminate in consoana-vocala-consoana dubleaza ultima litera. Big – bigger – the biggest 2. Adj. terminate in “-e”, il elimina: Nice – nicer – the nicest 3. Adj. terminate in “-y” precedat de consoana transforma “-y” in “-i”: Funny – funnier – the funniest 4. Adj. terminate in “-l” precedat de vocala neaccentuata dubleaza “-l”-ul: Cruel – crueller – the cruellest

5. Exemple: • fat – fatter – the fattest • thin – thinner – the thinnest • big - bigger – the biggest • pretty – prettier – the prettiest • happy – happier – the happiest • dirty – dirtier – the dirtiest • fine- finer – the finest • simple – simpler – the simplest • tall – taller – the tallest • old – older (elder) – the oldest (the eldest) • slow – slower – the slowest • clever – cleverer – the cleverest • narrow – narrower – the narrowest

6. 2. Adjective lungi • Comparativ de superioritate (mai…): more + adj. • Superlativ (cel mai…): the most + adj.

7. Exemple: • beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful • important – more important – the most important • Interesting – more interesting – the most interesting • recent – more recent – the most recent • expensive – more expensive – the most expensive • dangerous – more dangerous – the most dangerous

8. 3. Adjective neregulate • Good – better –the best (well – better – the best) • Bad – worse – the worst (ill - worse – the worst) • Much – more – the most • Many - more – the most • Little – less – the least • Far – farther – the farthest (departe in spatiu) • Far – further – the furthest (departe in timp) • Late – later – the latest (mai tarziu – celmai recent/ultimul) • Late – latter – the last (recent/al doilea - ultimul)

9. Comparativ de egalitate Valabil pentru toate adjectivele: • as + adj. + as (la fel de… ca…)

10. Exemple: As tall as (adj. scurt) • He is as tall as my brother. • (E la fel de inalt ca fratele meu) As expensive as (adj. lung) • This cap is as expensive as a dress. • (Şapca aceasta este la fel de scumpa ca si o rochie.) As much(+substantiv) as (adj neregulat) • I think my neighbour has as much money as Donald Trump. • (Cred ca vecinul meu are la fel de multi bani ca Donald Trump. • I like reading as much as you do. • (Imi place sa citesc la fel de mult ca tie.)

11. Comparativ de inferioritate Valabil pentru toate adjectivele: • Not as + adj. + as … (nu la fel de …ca…) Sau • Not so + adj. + as … (nu asa de …ca…)

12. Exemple: Not as dirty as/ not so dirty as (adj. scurt) • Your windows are not as dirty as mine. • (Ferestrele tale nu sunt la fel de murdare ca ale mele.) Not as important as/ not so important as (adj. lung) • I think Japanese is not so important as English. • (Cred ca japoneza nu e asa importanta ca engleza.) Not as bad as/ not so bad as (adj. neregulat) • Your children are not so bad as mine. • (Copiii tai nu sunt asa de rai ca ai mei.)

13. Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie – Din ce in ce mai…. • Pentru adjective scurte si neregulate: Comparativ de superioritate + and + comparativ de superioritate • Unfortunately our parents are older and older. (Din nefericire parintii nostri sunt din ce in ce mai batrani.) • Your English is better and better. (Engleza ta este din ce in ce mai buna.) • He has more and more knowledge about English. (Are din ce in ce mai multe cunostinte despre Engleza.)

14. Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie – Din ce in ce mai…. • Pentru adjective lungi: More and more + adjectiv • Your little child is more and more intelligent. (Copilasul tau este din ce in ce mai inteligent.) • Food is more and more expensive nowadays. (Mancarea este din ce in ce mai scumpa in zilele noastre.)

15. Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie – cu cât… cu atât… • Pentru toate adjectivele: The + comparativ de superioritate + S + V, the + comparativ de superioritate + S + V • The greater the effort is, the more satisfactory it will be. (Cu cat este mai mare efortul, cu atat mai satisfacator va fi.) • The more interesting the book becomes, the more anxious we are. (Cu cat mai interesanta devine cartea, cu atat mai nerabdatori suntem.) • The shorter the nights, the longer the days. (Cu cat (sunt) mai scurte noptile, cu atat (sunt) mai lungi zilele.)

16. Constructii idiomatice: • So much the better = cu atat mai bine • So much the worse = cu atat mai rau • So much the more = cu atat mai mult • So much the less = cu atat mai putin