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Competence, Process, and Assessment Standards

Competence, Process, and Assessment Standards. Helena I. R. Agustien Universitas Negeri Semarang hagustien@yahoo.com. Why we need a CC model.

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Competence, Process, and Assessment Standards

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  1. Competence, Process, andAssessment Standards Helena I. R. Agustien Universitas Negeri Semarang hagustien@yahoo.com

  2. Why we need a CC model Celce-Murcia et al.’s effort has been motivated by the belief in the potential in the direct, explicit approach to the teaching of communicative skills, which would require a detailed description of what CC entails in order to use the sub-components as a content base in syllabus design.(p.6)

  3. Competence Socio – Cultural Comp. Competence Strategic Discourse Competence Actional Comp. Linguistic Comp..

  4. Discourse Competence Discourse competence concerns the selection, sequencing, and arrangement of words, structures, sentences and utterance to achieve a unified spoken or written text. (p.13)

  5. Components of Discourse Competence COHESION Reference, Substutition, Conjuction, Lexical Chains DEIXES Personal pronouns, Spatial, Temporal, Textual COHERENCE Thematization, Management of old and new information GENRE/GENERIC STRUCTURE Narrative, Report, service encounter, etc. CONVERSATIONAL STRUCTURE How to perform opening, hold the floor, adjacency pairs, etc.

  6. Linguistic Competence Syntax Morphology Lexicon Phonology Orthography

  7. Actional Competence • Interpersonal Exchange • Information • Opinions • Feelings • Suasion • Problems • Future Scenario

  8. Sociocultural Competence • Social Contextual Factors • Stylistic Appropriateness Factors • Cultural Factors • Non-Verbal Communicative Factors

  9. Strategic Competence • Avoidance or Reduction Strategies • Achievement or Compensatory Str. • Stalling or Time-Gaining Str. • Self-Monitoring Str. • Interactional Str.

  10. What do we develop? • The ability to participate in discourse, or • The ability to communicate, or • The ability to create spoken and written texts, or • The ability to negotiate meanings, or • The ability to exchange nuances of meanings

  11. How do we develop discourse competence? By knowing that • Communication happens in text • Every text has communicative purpose • Every text has structure • Every text has linguistic features • Every text is a genre

  12. CULTURE Genre (Purpose) Situation Who is involved? (Tenor) Subject matter Channel (Field) (Mode) Register TEXT

  13. SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGECONTINUUM Most Spoken Most Written Language accompanying action Language as reflection Spoken Language Written Language

  14. What do people do when communicating? They exchange meanings.

  15. CULTURAL LEVEL Discourse Semantic Level Textual Interpersonal Lexicogrammatical Level Ideational Phonology/ Graphology Level

  16. Syarat pengembangan kompetensi komunikatif Scaffolding Talks: Bahasa yang digunakan guru dalam mengelola proses pembelajaran sebagai language accompanying action.

  17. Zone of Proximal Development Independent Learning zone Teacher intervention Peer-peer interaction Interactive discourse

  18. Peran guru • Menciptakan pengalaman pembelajaran • Merancang kegiatan • Merancang komunikasi • Berperan sebagai “ibu” dalam pemerolehan bahasa alamiah

  19. Learning Experiences

  20. LiteracyPrinciples Interpretation Collaboration Convention CulturalKnowledge Problem Solving Reflection Language USE

  21. LiteracyLevels • Performative Level • Functional Level • Informational Level • Epistemic Level

  22. What is the KEY to creating texts? • Negotiating meanings • Responding to interlocutor • Continuing own texts

  23. How do we negotiate? • Interpersonally • Logicosemantically

  24. Where in the sentence does interpersonal meaning reside? • In the Mood area Mood = Subject + Finite Mood expresses: • Attitudes • Feelings • Judgement • Etc.

  25. Negotiating interpersonally A : I amsleepy. B : Are you? C : I love her. D : You do, don’t you. E : I cleaned the room! D : No, you didn’t!

  26. When is interpersonalnegotiation dominant? • In sustained casual conversations * Chatting * Gossiping * Killing the time

  27. Negotiating logicosemantically A : I am sleepy. B : Sleepy or hungry? A : Both, actually. C : What’s your name? D : Hartati C : Where do you live? D : Jalan Diponegoro.

  28. Negotiation in Writing • Focused on old and new information • Focused on Theme and Rheme

  29. Old and New Information Once upon a time, there was an old lady. She was very poor, but she was happy. She had a handsome son called Ande-Ande Lumut. He was a fine young man. Many girls liked him.

  30. Negotiation is * The Communication Engine * The key to discourse competence

  31. Good Luck!

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