Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5.

1. Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5. 1.__________ The threatened communist takeover of Greece prompts a presidential request for aid and a worldwide effort to stop communism. 2.__________ The collapse of Jiang Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s) corrupt government means victory for Mao Zedong’s (Mao Tse-tung’s) communists and a setback for U.S. policy in Asia. 3.__________ A new president takes charge of American foreign policy amid growing tension between America and its ally, the Soviet Union. 4.__________ A “give-’em-hell” campaign by an underdog candidate overcomes a three-way split in his own party and defeats his overconfident opponent. 5.__________ Communists go on the offensive in a divided Asian nation, drawing the United States into a brutal and indecisive war.

2. The Cold War The Birth of a Nuclear World

3. In a Cold War - aggressor nations use military buildup • no direct military engagement *Wars are fought in Proxy nations Post WWII Europe and Germany were divided among the winners Germany’s capital Berlin was also divided Truman made it clear it would not allow Russia to dominate Europe

4. 1946 • Russia request the UN control atomic materials • The US was the only nation with access to nuclear bombs • Russia rejected putting the US in control of the committee to control atomic development • July 1946 The first post WWII nuclear tests are conducted by America

5. To ensure proper protection from the ideas of the West….The Iron Curtain was born • Russia took control of border states (promised freedom after the war) Winston Churchill coined the phrase to describe Russia’s expansion This action led to The Truman Doctrine

6. Truman called upon the U.S. to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures," • Russia is not directly mentioned • America adopted the : Containment Policy- to directly meet Russia at any point it tried to flex its power This directly names Russia and America’s intent

7. The Marshall Plan George C. Marshall The US needs to help failing European economies to keep them from becoming Communist • $13 Billion to Europe • Build American ideals and Democratic relationships

8. 1948 • Afraid America would take Berlin, Russia seals the city off from the Western nations • Truman responded with the Berlin Airlift For nearly a year, the US dropped needed supplies into the city by airplane By Summer 1949- Russia decided to end the standoff It detonates its first nuclear bomb

9. 1949- China falls to Communism Mao Zedong becomes the leader of the nation and embraces Russia as an ally. Concern grows other nations may fall!

10. NATO (Still here) North Atlantic Treaty Organization April 1949 • member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party Members: United States, England, France,Italy, Belgium, Canada, Norway, Denmark, Luxembourg, Portugal, Iceland and the Netherlands Its first test will be in Korea the organization's goal: "to keep the Russiansout, the Americans in, and the Germans down"

11. Reading a Bar Graph Read the bar graph of National Defense Budget, 1940 - 2010 on p. 914 and answer the following questions. 1.In what census year, after World War II, did the defense budget first decline as a percentage of the federal budget and a percentage of GNP? 2.In what census year, after 1960, was the defense budget the same fraction of GNP as it was in 1950? 3.Which decade, after World War II, saw the largest increase in actual dollar outlays for defense? 4.By approximately what percentage of the federal budget did the defense budget increase from 1950 to 1960? By roughly what percentage did it decrease from 1970 to 1980? By what percentage did it increase from 1980 to 1990? By about what percentage did it decrease from 1990 to 1999?

13. 1.__________Popular name for the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act that provided education and economic assistance to former soldiers 2.__________Shorthand name for the southern and western regions of the United States that experienced the highest rates of growth after World War II 3.__________New York suburb where postwar builders pioneered the techniques of mass home construction 4.__________Term for the dramatic rise in U.S. births that began immediately after World War II 5.__________Big Three wartime conference that later became the focus of charges that Roosevelt had sold out Eastern Europe to the Soviet communists

14. How did Kennan explain “the sources of Soviet conduct? • What strategies did he propose for implementing the policy of containment? • What did Kennan see as the outcome of containment?

15. The Korean War End of WWII- Japan loses Korea. It is divided between America and the Soviet Union (at the 38th Parallel) The Soviets install a communist government in the North America occupied the South

16. America remained until June 1949(when communists took over China) • June 25,1950 Communist N. Korea invaded South Korea. - 90,000 troops - Capture the capital of South Korea in days (Seoul) -Moved towards Pusan

17. Truman did not declare war, but the US headed up a joint UN peace keeping army to free Korea Under the command of General Douglas MacArthur- At Pusan, he decided to attack a weak North Korea The Battle of Inchon Bay Sept 1950 Communist forces are captured N. Korea retreats past the 38th Parallel

18. MacArthur wanted to push the Communists out of N. Korea • Truman allows him to invade N. Korea As the US gets near the China Border, China warns the US to stop or they will get involved in the war MacArthur did not believe the Chinese

19. November 25th, 1950 • China invades N. Korea, surprising the American forces (400,000 plus men) • American forces begin a retreat past the 38th parallel and Seoul • 1951 - MacArthur calls for an invasion of China and the power to use nukes to stop the Chinese from interfering • Truman fires MacArthur for insubordination

20. 1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower is elected PresidentHe promises to end the war! • A hero of WWII • Opens peace talks with the N. Koreans & China • Threatens use of nukes when peace talks fail • Coupled with the death of Joseph Stalin, peace is settled. • July 27th, 1953 The Korean War is over

21. The Korean War was a stalemate, but we claimed a victory over Communism! • Korea was forever divided at the 38th Parallel • North Korea remained Communist • South Korea will forever be occupied by US. • Hostilities continue today between these nations

22. Map Discrimination Using the maps and charts in Chapter 36, answer the following questions. 1. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which of the Big Four had the smallest occupation zone in postwar Germany? 2. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which of the three Westernoccupation zones was closest to Berlin? 3. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which two other nations did the American occupation zone border on? • The Shifting Front in Korea: When General MacArthur attacked at Inchon, did he land above or below the thirty-eighth parallel? 5. The Shifting Front in Korea: Besides China, what other nation bordering North Korea presented a potential threat to American forces? 6. The Shifting Front in Korea: After the armistice—signed on July 27, 1953—which of the two Koreas had made very slight territorial gains in the Korean War?

23. 1. France 2. British 3. Austria and Czechoslovakia 4. below 5. U.S.S.R. 6. South Korea

24. An arms race was created to build the biggest bomb • 1952 - The US introduced the Hydrogen Bomb 1000x’s more powerful than Hiroshima 1953 - Russia followed with its version A new fear of Russian superiority gripped America

25. Eisenhower decides the best solution to war is using nuclear weapons - less loss of life “bigger bang for the buck!” New US policy: Massive retaliation - respond to Soviet aggression with crushing force = nukes! This idea creates brinkmanship: He who has the most bombs….Wins! This policy continues today in the Far East and Mid-East

26. Russia’s Joseph Stalin dies (1953)and is replaced with Nikita Khrushchev! Did you know… Stalin was mummified and placed on display for the Russian people until 1961 when he was finally buried. Vladimir Lenin’s body is still displayed. He died in 1924.

27. 11.__________The new anti-Soviet organization of Western nations that ended the long-time American tradition of not joining permanent military alliances 12.__________Jiang Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s) pro-American forces, which lost the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong’s (Mao Tse-tung’s) communists in 1949 13.__________Key U.S. government memorandum that militarized American foreign policy and indicated national faith in the economy’s capacity to sustain large military expenditures 14.__________U.S. House of Representatives committee that took the lead in investigating alleged procommunist agents such as Alger Hiss 15.__________The dividing line between North and South Korea, across which the fighting between communists and United Nations forces ebbed and flowed during the Korean War

28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLCF7vPanrY • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNYe_UaWZ3U&sns=em

29. Understanding The Suez Canal Crisis…. July, 1956 The US and England promised to fund a dam built in Egypt The US decided not to help. Angry, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal -an important waterway to all Middle East nations • England, Israel and France planned to invade Egypt to stop Nasser from talking to Communist China

30. The US tried to Israel to reconsider, but they would not listen. Tensions ran high for several months. The US dispatched one aircraft carrier, one battleship and one cruiser to the region. October 1956 - Egypt was attacked by England, France and Israel. Russia threatened to get involved (China) and use whatever force necessary to stop the action against Egypt

31. …”if those fellows start something, we may have to hit ‘em and, if necessary, with everything in the bucket.” President Eisenhower The United States prepared for conflict while negotiations were under way to solve the problem The English and French pulled back, but Russia continued its threat, causing the US dispatched several Naval ships and troops to the area. This caused Russia to back down. The UN began peaceful talks between all parties. The crisis was averted.

32. The day the world changed…. October 4, 1957 Russia launched the first satellite into orbit around the Earth Sputnik I America created The National Defense Education Act • focused education on science and mathematics The US also created NASA (National Aeronautic and Space Agency) (Sputnik II was launched a month later with Likita the Dog - She gave her life for science because they didn’t figure out how to bring the home!

33. A New Red Scare! At home, Americans began to fear the Russian again leading to persecution of innocent Americans The 50’s would be paranoid over the possibility of infiltration by the Communists

34. HUAC searches for subversives! Who am I? Ronald Reagan • 1938 - 1975 Looked for people who spoke out against American ideals • They attacked Hollywood for alleged communist propaganda and influence in the motion picture industry • The Hollywood Ten - Actors, directors and writers who refused to testify before Congress Who am I? Arthur Miller Who am I? Langston Hughes

35. The H10 were banned for the industry for life (1978) - blacklisted (over 300 people would be boycotted including Charlie Chaplin and Humphrey Bogart) In response to the investigations, many studios began producing Anti-communist and Anti-Soviet films The Red Menace, The Red Danube, I Married a Communist, Red Planet Mars, I Was A Communist for the FBI, Invasion of the Body Snatchers

36. Spies among us…… Alger Hiss - • Was convicted of lying under oath • Said he had been framed • The Pumpkin Papers revealed war time documents (from pre-WWII) • Hiss went to jail for 5 years Hiss (circled) at Chamber’s HUAC Trial Ethel and Julius Rosenberg • Was convicted selling nuclear secrets to the Soviets • Never confessed to the crime (convicted on another spy’s word) • Were both electrocuted (in NY) • Ethel was the first woman to die by electric chair

37. Senator Joseph McCarthy…. Communist Hunter! McCarthyism • Feb. 1950 McCarthy claims he has the names of 205 Communists working in the US govt. He begins a political witch hunt using Congress as his forum (Arthur Miller -The Crucible) McCarthy never produced the list of supposed Communists. How many were on the list…200, uhhhh..57, uhhhh…125, uhhhh…a lot!

38. Think politicians only lie today…. Joseph McCarthy was nicked named “Tailgunner Joe” for serving as a gunner on an airplane during WWII. The closest he ever got to a tailgun… was looking at it (observer). His Distinguished Service Cross… he forged the papers himself.

39. McCarthy accused hundreds of people and ruined their lives • President Eisenhower denounced his actions and wanted the Senate to censure him So what finally stopped McCarthy? TELEVISION! McCarthy first reveals his list… At a Ladie’s Rotary meeting!

40. 1955 - His live televised trials showed his relentless tactics that Americans didn’t like (He Bullied witnesses, manipulated the truth and embarrassed innocent people) Congress finally censured him (reprimanded and ordered him to stop) In the end, he failed to produce ONE single communist . He died from alcoholism in 1957

42. Chapter 36 • Explain the causes and consequences of the post-World War II economic boom. • Describe the postwar migrations to the “Sunbelt” and the suburbs. • Explain changes in American society and culture brought about by the “baby boom.” • Explain the growth of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union after Germany’s defeat and Truman’s accession to the presidency. • Describe the early Cold War conflicts over Germany and Eastern Europe, and the failure of the United Nations to resolve Soviet-American tensions. • Discuss American efforts to “contain” the Soviets through the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. • Describe the growing concern about Soviet spying and internal Communist subversion, and climate of fear it engendered. • Describe the expansion of the Cold War to East Asia, including the Chinese Communist revolution and the Korean War.