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Sponges and Cnidarians

Sponges and Cnidarians. Life Science. Review the Animal Kingdom. 4 Major Characteristics? Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Cells lack cell walls. Feeding Respiration Circulation Excretion. Response Movement Reproduction. 7 Essential Functions?. Hard Shells. Fur & Milk Glands.

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Sponges and Cnidarians

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  1. Sponges and Cnidarians Life Science

  2. Review the Animal Kingdom • 4 Major Characteristics? • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophs • Cells lack cell walls

  3. Feeding Respiration Circulation Excretion Response Movement Reproduction 7 Essential Functions?

  4. Hard Shells Fur & Milk Glands Amniotic Egg Lungs Bony Skeleton jaws Brain Encased Skull

  5. Phylum Porifera “Pore-Bearers”

  6. Sponges are the simplest of all animals. They are multicellular, heterotrophic, have no cell walls, and have specialized cells.

  7. Sheet sponge Carnivorous- eat small crustaceans

  8. Adult sponges are sessile. CAN”T MOVE They live attached to a single spot.

  9. Sponges are asymmetrical filter feeders Feed on : bacteria, unicellular algae, and protists through filter feeding.

  10. IV. Phylum- Porifera (“pore bear”) –sponges – simplest of all animals • A. Body Plan – asymmetrical, pores all over body with large hole on top called osculum where water is pumped through, Have no mouth or gut, Have no tissues or organ systems, Simple functions are carried out by a few specialized cells • B. Protection: skeleton of spicules (glass-like material) or spongin (soft)

  11. Asymmetrical? • Have no front or back ends, no left and right sides • A large, cylindrical water pump • The body forms a wall around a large central cavity through which water flows continually

  12. Protection- Silica (cells of glass offer protection and support

  13. C. Feeding – filter feeders, trap microorganisms in water flow. 1. Collar cells - specialized cells that use flagella to move a steady current of water thru the sponge. Each collar cell digests its own food. 2. Archaeocytes - specialized cells that make spicules 3. Pore cells – Cells thru which water flows into the body of a sponge

  14. Major Body Functions • D. Respiration/ Circulation/ Excretion – water flow carries out all body functions (osmosis and diffusion) • As water moves through the cavity: • Oxygen dissolved in the water diffuses into the surrounding cells 2. Carbondioxide and other wastes, diffuse into the water and are carried away

  15. Major Body Functions • E. Response/Movement- no nervous system, do produce toxins, adults don’t move (sessile), larva swim • F. Reproduction- sexually with internal fertilization between two different sponges or asexually by budding or fragmentation

  16. Osculum • A large hole at the top of the sponge, through which water exits • The movement of water provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation and excretion

  17. The Anatomy of a Sponge Water flow Osculum Collar Cell Central cavity Pores Spicule Pore cell Pore Epidermal cell Archaeocyte

  18. Ecology of Sponges • Ideal habitats for marine animals such as snails, sea stars, sea cucumbers, and shrimp • Mutually beneficial relationships with bacteria, algae and plant-like protists

  19. Sponge Life Cycle (Sexual Reproduction)Sponges are hermaphrodites. MEIOSIS Adult sponge releases sperm into the water Haploid (N) Diploid (2N) New sponge Sperm (N) Mature sponge (2N) Egg (N) Larva attaches to a hard surface Larva (2N) The zygote develops into a free swimming larva Sperm fertilize eggs inside the body of another sponge FERTILIZATION

  20. Review Questions • Answer the 4 questions on your own.

  21. Asexual Reproduction-Budding A new polyp genetically identical to the parent is formed.

  22. Jelly fish

  23. Lion’s Mane Jelly

  24. Some have eyes! Box Jelly

  25. Colony of polyps

  26. Found off the coast of Australia Deadly within 3 minutes! Over 100 deaths in the last 25 years Chironex fleckeri

  27. Anemones

  28. Colonial Anemone

  29. Coral Reefs

  30. Brain Coral

  31. Orange Cup Coral Red Sea Fan

  32. Sea Pen Feathery Hydroid

  33. Fungiid Coral- this coral can move!

  34. Carpet Anemone

  35. Giant Sea Fan Mushroom Coral

  36. Solid Table Coral Staghorn Coral

  37. Phylum Cnidaria –more complex than sponges • A. Carnivorous animals with stinging tentacles around their mouths • B. Simplest animals to exhibit symmetry – cnidarians have radial symmetry • C. Simplest animals to have true tissues including nerves

  38. Cnidarians have two body forms Polyp - stationary, vase-shaped Medusa - swimming, cup-shaped Examples: hydra, coral, sea anemone Examples: jellyfish, portuguese man of war

  39. Examples: hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals • A. Hydrozoans: Most of life as polyp ex. hydra • B. Scyphozoans: Most of life as medusa  ex. jellyfish • C. Anthozoans: Only polyp stage in the life cycle  ex. corals and sea anemones

  40. Simplest animal with true tissues. • soft bodied, have tentacles, radial symmetry, • 1. Gut – gastrovascular cavity with one opening • 2. Nerve net- detects stimuli • 3. Hydrostatic Skeleton- movement and support with the use of muscles

  41.  The Polyp and Medusa Stages 1. Polyp - Stationary, Examples: Hydra, Coral, and Sea Anemone 2. Medusa- Swimming, Cup Shaped. Examples: Jelly Fish and Man O War

  42.  The Polyp and Medusa Stages Tentacles Bell gut Mouth/anus Mouth/anus Gut Tentacles 3 tissue layers Epidermis Mesoglea Gastroderm Medusa Polyp

  43. 1. Feeding- kill small prey with stinging cells in tentacles, digest in gut, food in and waste out of one opening. • 2. Respiration/Circulation/Excretion- all by diffusion (no true organs) • 3. Response- have specialized sensory cells and nerve net to gather info and react to stimuli.

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