1 / 54

THE CELL

THE CELL. Leonardus , S.Si . TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN. Siswa mampu mengategorikan komponen kimiawi sel. Siswa mampu menggambarkan struktur sel hewan dan sel tumbuhan serta memahami ciri-ciri sel hidup dan sel mati. Siswa mampu membandingkan struktur sel hewan dan sel tumbuhan.

pearl
Download Presentation

THE CELL

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE CELL Leonardus, S.Si.

  2. TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN • Siswa mampu mengategorikan komponen kimiawi sel. • Siswa mampu menggambarkan struktur sel hewan dan sel tumbuhan serta memahami ciri-ciri sel hidup dan sel mati. • Siswa mampu membandingkan struktur sel hewan dan sel tumbuhan. • Siswa mampu mengelompokkan organel sel yang khusus terdapat pada sel hewan dan sel tumbuhan. • Siswa mampu mendeskripsikan fungsi masing-masing organel pada sel hewan dan tumbuhan. • Siswa mampu mendeskripsikan transpor secara difusi dan osmosis. • Siswa mampu mendeskripsikan peristiwa terjadinya plasmolisis atau peristiwa serupa lainnya. • Siswa mampu mendeskripsikan mekanisme transporaktif dan pasif. • Siswa mampu menjelaskan perbedaan antara transpor aktif dan transpor pasif. • Siswa mampu menjelaskan prosesreproduksiseltubuhsecara mitosis • Siswa mampu menjelaskan prosessintesis protein padasel

  3. CELL INTRODUCTION 2) CELL CHEMISTRY COMPOUND 1) WHAT IS CELL? 3) CELL TYPE 3a) PROCARYOTIC 3b) EUCARYOTIC PLANT & ANIMAL DIFFERS PLANT & ANIMAL

  4. 1. WHAT IS CELL? • Smallest unit which form all living things • Smallest unit and functional from all living things • Contain genetic material that can inherited • It has complicated parts which connecting each other and form the system

  5. How to observe CELL? • MICROSCOPE • Light microscope: 2000x magnification • Electron microscope: 500.000-1.000.000x magnification

  6. CELL Discovery • Robert Hooke • Robert Brown • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek • Theodor Schwann • Rudolf Virchow • Louis Pasteur back

  7. 2. CELL CHEMISTRY COMPOUND • Element, eg. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phospordan sulfur • Compound, eg. Water atom  element  molecule  compound Organic Anorganic

  8. Chemistry compound of cell • Protoplasm: contain organic & anorganic compound • Organic: • Carbohydrate: C, H, O  energy resource • Lipid: C, H, O  energy storage • Protein: C, H, O, N  cell membrane & organelles former • Nucleic acid: contain genetic material (DNA & RNA)

  9. EVALUATION • Mention four main molecules in the living things! Explain the role each of them! • Why water so important for cell function? • How the relation between element and compound? • What if a cell doesn’t ger the amino acid supply and can’t produce it also, what happen to this cell? back

  10. 3. CELL TYPE 3a) PROCARYOTIC  has no nuclear membrane eg. bacteria & blue-green algae cell 3b) EUCARYOTIC  has nuclear membrane eg. Plant & animal cell

  11. Differs animal & plant cell • Make a group • One group contain 5-6 people • Assignment: • Write on your book the different animal with plant cell! • Write all the organelles which present and absent in both cell! • Write all the organelles function!

  12. Prokaryotic cell

  13. Animal cell

  14. Plant cell

  15. Different animal & plant cell

  16. ORGANELLES FUNCTION

  17. NUCLEUS • Contains: chromosome, nucleolus • Role: control the cell activity

  18. CYTOPLASM • Contain: water, protein, nucleic acid, fatty acid, mineral • Role : the place of organelles activity (synthesis, chemical compound storage, package, repackage)

  19. CELL MEMBRANE • Semipermeable membrane • “Membran mosaic cair” atau fluid mosaic membrane • Structured by carbohydrate, lipid & protein (phospholipid, glycolipid, dan glycoprotein) • Role: protect, arrange in and out all substance (active & passive transport), reseptor

  20. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Rough ER (granular) • Smoth ER (agranular) • Role: protein collect & transport, lipid synthesis

  21. 5. Vesicles pulled off from Golgi apparatus carry product/end result as protein and lipid to plasma membrane. This final product is released by exocytosis 4. Proteins and lipids as final products are processed in the lumen modifications enable them to be transported to different targets 3. Vesicles of ER membrane then carries proteins and lipids to Golgi apparatus 2. Lipids are produced in the smooth ER membrane 1. Several polypeptide chains enter the lumen of ER and are processed into proteins SECRETORY ROUTE Several vesicle made from membrane plasm and move to cytoplasm. This endocytic vesicle fuse with membrane or other organelle or keep stay as vesicle storage Another vesicles made by ER membrane and Golgi apparatus can fuse with membrane plasm. Then this exocycitic vesicle released from cell • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM DNA controls the synthesis initial materials for the production of proteins that occurs in cytoplasm

  22. RIBOSOM • Small granule stick on ER or everywhere (cytoplasm) • Role: protein synthesis

  23. GOLGI APPARATUS • Composed of cisternal, tubular, and vesicular • The “POST OFFICE” • Role: form vesicle for secretion, plasma membrane, cell wall (plant), acrosome, lysosomes • http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch03_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/protein_process.html

  24. MITOCHONDRIA • A doubled-membrane organelle • Cristae (folds  enlarge surface area) • Matrix (fill cristae  containing lipids, proteins, DNA, ribosomes) • Role: energy production (ATP)

  25. MICRO BODIES • Fine small vesicles in the cytoplasm • Role: Peroxysome (P&A): H2O2 neutralized, fat into carbohydrate, Glyoxysome (P): change fat into sugar (germination)

  26. LYSOSOME • Contain enzyme lysozim (hydrolitic enzyme) • The “CLEANER” • Role : intracellular digestion (endocytocis,phagocytosis, autophagus) http://www.slideshare.net/ephyyuniar/tugas-2-lisosomperoksisom-glioksisom

  27. CYTOSKELETON • Contain 3 main kinds of cytoskeletalfilaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules • Role:provide mechanical strength to the cell, framework of cells, helping the movement of substance from one section to another.

  28. CYTOSKELETON

  29. CENTROSOME • Animal cell: present, plant cell: present (no centrioles) • Composed of two centrioles contains 9 sets triplet microtubules • Role: to form nuclear spindle thread during cell division

  30. CELL WALL • Contain polysaccharide (cellulose, hemicellulose & pectin) and glycoprotein • Node , plasmodesma • Role: support, shaper, protection, turgidity

  31. PLASTIDS • Contains pigmen or as a storage • Kinds: chloroplast, chromoplast, leukoplast, amilopast http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastid

  32. VACUOLE • Unicellular animals have 2 kinds of vacuole: • Contractile vacuole  osmoregulator • Non-contractile vacuole  digest food • Large round shape filled with fluid • Surrounded by a membrane (tonoplast) • Role: water, mineral storage, disposal for secondary metabolites, stores toxic (defense mechanism)

  33. MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

  34. TRANSPORT MEMBRANE MECHANISM • Selectively permeable • Select all the substances that in to and out from the cell • Two kinds the transport mechanism: passive transport and active transport

  35. MOVEMENT THROUGH THE MEMBRANE Diffusion passive Osmosis CELL TRANSPORT TYPE Facilitated diffusion Endocytosis active Exocytosis Sodium-Potassium pump

  36. ACTIVE & PASSIVE TRANSPORT • Passive transport: • Transport that follows the flow of solution concentration difference, from high to low concentration. • No need energy. • Includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. • Active transport: • Transport against concentration gradient, from high to low concentration. • Requires ATP energy. • Includes endocytosis, exocytosis, and the sodium-potassium pump back

  37. DIFFUSION • Movement of molecules from high to low concentration • For example, sprayed air freshener into the room after a long time the smell will spread • How does the process of diffusion in the cell? For example, one-celled organisms in the water requires oxygen, so the oxygen in the water diffuses into the cell, because the concentration of oxygen in water is higher than in the cells

  38. DIFFUSION • Movement of particles from regions of higher chemical potential to places with lower chemical potential due to its kinetic energy alone until there is a dynamic equilibrium

  39. DIFFUSION Cell membrane Outside cell Inside cell

  40. DIFFUSION Cell membrane diffusion Outside cell Inside cell

  41. DIFFUSION Cell membrane Outside cell Inside cell EQUILIBRIUM back

  42. DIFFUSION • Molecules that diffuse through cell membranes • Oxygen– Non-polar so diffuses very quickly. • Carbon dioxide – Polar but very small so diffuses quickly. • Water – Polar but also very small so diffuses quickly.

  43. OSMOSIS • The process of displacement of water molecules from areas of high water concentration through the cell membrane into areas of low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. (hypotonic  hypertonic)

  44. OSMOSIS

  45. Osmosis CONCENTRATED SOLUTION DILUTE SOLUTION Cell membrane partially permeable. Sugar molecule VERY Low conc. of water molecules. High water potential. VERY High conc. of water molecules. High water potential. Outside cell Inside cell

  46. Osmosis Cell membrane partially permeable. Low conc. of water molecules. High water potential. OSMOSIS High conc. of water molecules. High water potential. Outside cell Inside cell

  47. Osmosis Cell membrane partially permeable. OSMOSIS Outside cell Inside cell EQUILIBRIUM. Equal water concentration on each side. Equal water potential has been reached. There is no net movement of water AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport back

  48. FACILITATED DIFFUSION • involves several types of protein in transfer process • molecules and ions move down their concentration gradient reflecting its diffusive nature • For example, during the process of transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into the blood vessels of the small intestine.

  49. ENDOCYTOSIS • An energy-using process by which cells absorb molecules (such as proteins) by engulfing them.

  50. EXOCYTOSIS • The substances secretion process from the cells out of the cell. • For example, the expenditure of the substance in the cells of the glandular secretion events.

More Related