Photosynthesis SL and HL Units 3.8 and 8.2

1. Photosynthesis SL and HLUnits 3.8 and 8.2 By: D-Money, E-Cash, A-Pesos, J-Bank

2. 3.8.1 State that Photosynthesis Involves the Conversion of Light Energy into Chemical Energy 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

3. 3.8.2 State that Light from the Sun is Composed of a Range of Wavelengths (Colors)

4. 3.8.3 Chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment3.8.4 Absorption and Reflection • Chlorophyll (Main Pigment) • Absorbs Red and Blue-Violet Light • Leaves appear Green • Green Light is Reflected • Carotenoids (Associate Pigment) • Absorbs only Blue-Violet Light • Leaves appear Orange, Yellow or Red • Those colors are reflected

5. 8.2.7 Explain the Relationship Between the Action Spectrum and the Absorption Spectrum of Photosynthetic Pigments in Green Plants

6. 3.8.5 State that Light Energy is Used to Produce ATP, and to Split Water Molecules (photolysis) to Form Oxygen and Hydrogen

7. 3.8.6 State that ATP and Hydrogen are Used to Fix CO2 to Make Organic Molecules

8. 3.8.7 Rate of Photosynthesis • What are the... • Reactants of Photosynthesis? • Products of Photosynthesis? • Direct Measurement? • Indirect Measurement? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

9. 3.8.7 Rate of Photosynthesis Can Be Measured Directly by the Production of Oxygen or the Uptake of Co2, or Indirectly by an Increase in Biomass • Reactants of Photosynthesis • Carbon dioxide and Water • Products of Photosynthesis • Sugars and Oxygen • Direct Measurement • Calculating rate based on factors from chemical reaction • Detection of change of CO2 or O2 • Indirect Measurement • You can measure the growth of the plant -> increase of biomass 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

10. 3.8.8 and 8.2.8 Effects of Temperature, Light Intensity, and CO2 Concentration on the Rate of Photosynthesis

11. 8.2.1 Draw & Label a Chloroplast

12. 8.2.6 Explain the Relationship Between the Structure of the Chloroplast and its Function Thylakoid: Large surface area for light absorption Small space inside for accumulation and high concentration gradient of protons Fluid Filled Stroma: Store enzymes of Calvin Cycle (Rubisco)

13. 8.2.2 State that Photosynthesis Consists of Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reactions I am an independent reaction and I don't need no light! (Insert snap in a Z-formation) Calvin Cycle

14. 8.2.3 Explain the Light-Dependent Reactions • Photon of light absorbed by chlorophyll-a in Photosystem II -> electron raised from low energy state to high energy state • Photolysis: light is used to split H2O into 2H+, 2e-, and 1/2 O2 • H+ kept inside thylakoid, increasing concentration gradient • O2 leaves thylakoid, used as source of oxygen in our atmosphere • e- return Photosystem II to the ground state

15. 8.2.3 Explain the Light-Dependent Reactions • Electron travels down electron transport chain • Energy lost at acceptors is used to pump H+ ions into thylakoid, increasing concentration gradient further • Production of ATP (just 8.2.4) • High concentration of H+ ions • H+ flows out of thylakoid through ATP Synthase • Brings about phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP

16. 8.2.3 (cont.) - 8.2.4 • Light strikes Photosystem I (accessory pigments, then chlorophyll-a) • Electrons excited, travel down another electron transport chain • Electrons from Photosystem II replace these • NADP Reductase catalyses transfer of electrons to electron carrier NADP+ • 2 electrons reduce NADP+ to NADPH+H+

17. 8.2.3 (cont.) • Noncyclic phosphorylation • Normal process • Creates NADPH and ATP • Cyclic phosphorylation • When H2O is limiting factor, or when NADPH is in excess • Instead of going to Photosystem I, electrons from first ETC replace the electrons from Photosystem II • This stops Photosystem I and NADPH production • H2O is conserved • ATP still produced

18. Mental Break (: Before The Light Independent Reaction!

19. 8.2.5 Explain the Light-Independent Reactions CalvinCycle Location: stroma of chloroplast • Carbon Fixation • Uses RuBisCo enzyme • RuBP (5-carbon sugar) + CO2 -> 6-carbon sugar and oxygen • The 6 -carbon sugar then splits into 2 Glycerate 3-phosphate (2 G3P) AKA 2 3-carbon sugars

20. 8.2.5 Explain the Light-Independent Reactions • G3P reduces into triose phosphate (reduction) • Energy from ATP --> ADP+P • NADPH loses H+ --> oxidizes into NADP+ • Some triose phosphate becomes hexose sugars • Hexose sugar saved as energy for later use • Can be converted to: glucose, cellulose, starch, disaccharides, lipids/amino acids

21. 8.2.5 (cont.)- Regeneration • Remaining triose phosphate becomes ribulose phosphate • Every 6 turns, 5 of them go back to RuP • Ribulose phosphate generated into RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate) using energy and phosphate • RuP + ATP --> RuBP + ADP Cycle continues, YAY!

22. So Much Room For Activities • Worksheet Answers • Game!!! • Get into 2 groups • Groups will take turns acting out the selected process • Groups will get points for acting out the process correctly

23. So Much Room For Activities • Process 1 • Process 2 • Process 3 • Process 4 • Process 5 • Process 6

24. Process 1 • Act out Photolysis • Process List

25. Process 2 • Act out ETC • Process List

26. Process 3 • Act out what happens when light strikes Photosystem I • Process List

27. Process 4 • Act out cyclic phosphorylation • Process List

28. Process 5 • Act out carbon fixation in the Calvin Cycle • Process List

29. Process 6 • Act out reduction in the calvin cycle • Process List