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Feminism and Social Reform

Feminism and Social Reform. Popular Culture: the Tango. Feminism and Social Reform in Argentina. Education and Reform Three paths to feminism in Latin America – education, work issues and political issues (motherist politics, resistance to dictatorship, political party politics)

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Feminism and Social Reform

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  1. Feminism and Social Reform Popular Culture: the Tango

  2. Feminism and Social Reform in Argentina • Education and Reform • Three paths to feminism in Latin America – education, work issues and political issues (motherist politics, resistance to dictatorship, political party politics) • Significance of literacy to female-focused politics • Implications of Sarmiento’s efforts to promote both female literacy and female educators • Role of normal schools – ensure a dominant role for middle class females in education as work and as process • Working class often needed literacy to communicate efforts • Use of adult education schools by Socialists • Publication of Socialist and Anarchist newspapers with female focused content – Even the Radicals organized women

  3. Feminism and Social Reform in Argentina • Education and Reform • Earliest feminists ranked as first to enter male professions • Cecelia Grierson, first female physician to graduate from UBA Medical School, 1889 • Granddaughter of Scottish immigrants • All female relatives were teachers and midwives from Entre Ríos • Created Bs As branch of International Council on Women • Set of first school of nursing in Argentina to limit influence of Catholic Church • Supported Socialist feminism and favored reforms of the Civil Code before voting rights

  4. Feminism and Social Reform in Argentina • Education and Reform • Earliest feminists ranked as first to enter male professions • Gabriela Laperrière de Coni, born in France • Educated as a writer • Came to Argentina and worked as socialist journalist to advocate better working conditions for women • Promoted anti-tuberculosis campaign of husband, Emilio R. Coni • Feminists organized to found Argentine Association of University Women, 1902 • Comprised of doctors, dentists and teachers

  5. Carlos Gardel

  6. Feminism and Social Reform in Argentina • Education and Reform • Role of Argentine Socialist Party • Believed in equal work for equal pay, divorce, civil code reforms, protective legislation for women • Advocated rights of immigrants, participation of women in politics • Problem: even more difficult for women to get citizenship than men • Only those married to famous men could hope for citizenship • Anti-clerical and many anti-female laws linked to Canon Law

  7. Feminism and Social Reform in Argentina • Education and Reform • Role of Anarchist Movement • Anticlerical and anti-marriage • Anarchist women had particularly clear views of private patriarchy drawn from the experiences with their colleagues!! • Major Gender Reforms prior to 1930 • 1907 – Protective labor legislation for women and children • 1913 – Ley Palacios • 1924 Expanded labor laws • Reforms of the Civil Code to empower married women • Lost battles: adoption laws, divorce laws, female suffrage

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